Cyanobacterial pigments: photosynthetic function and biotechnological purposes

Assunção, Joana; Amaro, Helena M.; Malcata, F. Xavier; Guedes, Ana Catarina

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821491-6.00008-9

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Focusing on skin formulations, cyanobacteria produce a wide array of bioactive metabolites, including phenolic compounds, proteins, pigments, and MMPs inhibitors, that cover the main processes comprising the basis of skin aging, namely antioxidation, photoprotection, and the ability to inhibit crucial enzymes of the ECM [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], as recently reviewed [ 1 , 9 ]. Regarding antioxidant activity, numerous strains have been reported to have a representative amount of metabolites with radical scavenging capacity, such as carotenoids, e.g., those from the genera Leptolyngbya , Synechocystis, and Wollea [ 9 , 13 ], phycobiliproteins (PBP), such as Arthospira spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanobacteria Secondary Metabolites as Biotechnological Ingredients in Natural Anti-Aging Cosmetics: Potential to Overcome Hyperpigmentation, Loss of Skin Density and UV Radiation-Deleterious Effects

et al. 2022

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The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanobacteria Secondary Metabolites as Biotechnological Ingredients in Natural Anti-Aging Cosmetics: Potential to Overcome Hyperpigmentation, Loss of Skin Density and UV Radiation-Deleterious Effects

et al. 2022

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“…Light quality and intensity play an important role in cyanobacterial biomass and photosynthetic pigment production [ 15 ]. In this study, S. salina was subjected to different treatments with LEDs (white, green, and red, combined with two different intensities) in two distinct phases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total carotenoids were favored by the high light intensity in the white treatment; the effects of green treatment and red light under high intensities (in addition to white treatment) upon total carotenoid content are also noteworthy, including some carotenoids individually: results of lycopene (red), zeaxanthin (green), echinenone (green), and β-carotene (green) can be explained as part of the strategy for acclimatization. In cyanobacteria, carotenoids have the main role in energy dissipation and protection against oxidative damage [ 15 , 53 ]. Some studies show that, depending on the species, some cyanobacteria are more impacted by green or red light in terms of enhanced carotenoid production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of pigments, the exposure of S. salina to green light (high intensity) positively influenced the production of chl a , whilst white light enhanced carotenoid productivities in addition to positively influencing production of zeaxanthin and β-carotene; these are important pigments for use by the food and aquaculture industries as nutraceuticals or colorants [ 15 , 53 ]. Focusing on PC, one of the most important pigments produced by S. salina and important for their market value (noting that these pigments are expanding in the market, due to their unique colorant and antioxidant properties [ 5 ]), red shock treatment could be chosen to enhance their productivities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the total market of PBPs was estimated in 2018 at ca. USD 60 million, and is expected to double by 2028, with a value of USD 124 million [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light Modulation for Bioactive Pigment Production in Synechocystis salina

et al. 2022

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Cyanobacteria are microorganisms that are well-adapted to sudden changes in their environment, namely to light conditions. This has allowed them to develop mechanisms for photoprotection, which encompass alteration in pigment composition. Therefore, light modulation appears to be a suitable strategy to enhance the synthesis of specific pigments (e.g., phycocyanin) with commercial interest, in addition to conveying a more fundamental perspective on the mechanisms of acclimatization of cyanobacterium species. In this study, Synechocystis salina was accordingly cultivated in two light phase stages: (i) white LED, and (ii) shift to distinct light treatments, including white, green, and red LEDs. The type of LED lighting was combined with two intensities (50 and 150 µmolphotons·m−2·s−1). The effects on biomass production, photosynthetic efficiency, chlorophyll a (chl a) content, total carotenoids (and profile thereof), and phycobiliproteins (including phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, and phycoerythrin) were assessed. White light (under high intensity) led to higher biomass production, growth, and productivity; this is consistent with higher photosynthetic efficiency. However, chl a underwent a deeper impact under green light (high intensity); total carotenoids were influenced by white light (high intensity); whilst red treatment had a higher effect upon total and individual phycobiliproteins. Enhanced PC productivities were found under modulation with red light (low intensities), and could be achieved 7 days earlier than in white LED (over 22 days); this finding is quite interesting from a sustainability and economic point of view. Light modulation accordingly appears to be a useful tool for supplementary studies pertaining to optimization of pigment production with biotechnological interest.

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Flow cytometry: Aspects and application in plant and biological science

Jyoti,

Chandel,

Singh

2023

Journal of Biophotonics

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Flow cytometry is a potent method that enables the quick and concurrent investigation of several characteristics of single cells in solution. Photodiodes or photomultiplier tubes are employed to detect the dispersed and fluorescent light signals that are produced by the laser beam as it passes through the cells. Photodetectors transform the light signals produced by the laser into electrical impulses. A computer then analyses these electrical impulses to identify and measure the various cell populations depending on their fluorescence or light scattering characteristics. Based on their fluorescence or light scattering properties, cell populations can be examined and/or isolated. This review covers the basic principle, components, working and specific biological applications of flow cytometry, including studies on plant, cell and molecular biology and methods employed for data processing and interpretation as well as the potential future relevance of this methodology in light of retrospective analysis and recent advancements in flow cytometry.

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Cyanobacterial pigments: photosynthetic function and biotechnological purposes

Cited by 12 publications

References 231 publications

Cyanobacteria Secondary Metabolites as Biotechnological Ingredients in Natural Anti-Aging Cosmetics: Potential to Overcome Hyperpigmentation, Loss of Skin Density and UV Radiation-Deleterious Effects

Cyanobacteria Secondary Metabolites as Biotechnological Ingredients in Natural Anti-Aging Cosmetics: Potential to Overcome Hyperpigmentation, Loss of Skin Density and UV Radiation-Deleterious Effects

Light Modulation for Bioactive Pigment Production in Synechocystis salina

Flow cytometry: Aspects and application in plant and biological science

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