Cyanobacterial Proteomics: Diversity and Dynamics

Abstract

Cyanobacteria (oxygenic photoautrophs) comprise a diverse group holding significance both environmentally and for biotechnological applications. The utilization of proteomic techniques has significantly influenced investigations concerning cyanobacteria. Application of proteomics allows for large-scale analysis of protein expression and function within cyanobacterial systems. The cyanobacterial proteome exhibits tremendous functional, spatial, and temporal diversity regulated by multiple factors that continuously modify protein abundance, post-translational modifications, interactions, localization, and activity to meet the dynamic needs of these tiny blue greens. Modern mass spectrometry-based proteomics techniques enable system-wide examination of proteome complexity through global identification and high-throughput quantification of proteins. These powerful approaches have revolutionized our understanding of proteome dynamics and promise to provide novel insights into integrated cellular behavior at an unprecedented scale. In this Review, we present modern methods and cutting-edge technologies employed for unraveling the spatiotemporal diversity and dynamics of cyanobacterial proteomics with a specific focus on the methods used to analyze post-translational modifications (PTMs) and examples of dynamic changes in the cyanobacterial proteome investigated by proteomic approaches.

Protein Phosphorylation Nexus of Cyanobacterial Adaptation and Metabolism

“…Overall, the manifestations of protein phosphorylation in cyanobacteria highlight its diverse forms and functions, encompassing regulatory mechanisms in photosynthesis and broader cellular adaptation processes [25]. Continued investigation into these phenomena has the potential to improve our understanding of the cyanobacterial physiology and its relevance in various biological contexts.…”

“…broader cellular adaptation processes [25]. Continued investigation into these phenomena has the potential to improve our understanding of the cyanobacterial physiology and its relevance in various biological contexts.…”

“…Although the principle of photoautotrophy is firmly established, recent research advances have led to new insights that elucidate the intricate molecular underpinnings governing this metabolic pathway in cyanobacteria [49]. Recent discoveries in the realm of molecular biology have illuminated the intricate network of proteins governing the process of photoautotrophy in cyanobacteria [25]. This metabolic pathway involves a series of precisely coordinated enzymatic reactions aimed at assimilating carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and procuring essential nutrients that are vital for cellular growth and metabolic processes [50].…”

Celebrating Women in Proteomics and Metabolomics

“…Liya Popova, Rachel Carr, and Valerie Carabetta provide an update view of the importance of post-translational modifications in bacteria, with an emphasis on lysine acetylation and its mechanisms of regulation . Finally, a review manuscript from the Neelam Atri group presents the contribution of proteomics in understanding the diversity and dynamics of cyanobacteria, with a focus on characterizing post-translational modifications and dynamic proteome changes …”