Cyanoethylation of Cotton Fabric

Greathouse, Lucien H.; Janssen, Henrike; Berard, W. Norbert; Haydel, Chester H.

doi:10.1021/ie50560a025

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Partial cyanoethylation of cellulose leads to an increased thermal resistance, microbiological resistance, moisture regain and mechanical properties (Nada and Seoudi 2006;Saha et al 2000;Hassan et al 2001;Yamawaki et al 1990;Greathouse et al 1956). Therefore, the basic understanding of the intermolecular interactions and rheological behavior of the cyanoethylated cellulose is essential for its potential applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological behavior of cyanoethyl celluloses in aqueous solutions

Zhou

Zhang

2012

Cellulose

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Water-soluble cyanoethyl cellulose (CEC) samples were synthesized by homogeneous reaction of cellulose with acrylonitrile in LiOH/urea aqueous solutions. The dynamic viscoelastic property of CEC with different degree of substitution (DS) in water at different temperatures and concentrations were investigated. At low concentrations, the CEC solutions displayed liquid-like behavior with G 0 smaller than G 00 at low frequencies; while the curves of G 0 and G 00 intersected at the middle of the frequency range at higher concentration, indicating an existence of chain aggregation and entanglement network. The gelation temperature (T gel ) was determined from the point of intersection in tan d versus temperature (T) at different frequencies, indicating the validity of Winter-Chambon criteria. It was found that T gel increased with increasing DS, and that the exponent (n) values at the gel point decreased with increasing DS. The heatingcooling process proved that the sol-gel transition for CECs in water was thermally irreversible. The AFM images revealed that the particles packed loosely together to form gel aggregates. Moreover, the Maxwell model with four elements was used to describe the frequency dependencies of G 0 and G 00 for CEC in aqueous solution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological behavior of cyanoethyl celluloses in aqueous solutions

Zhou

Zhang

2012

Cellulose

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“…It is well known that cyanoethylation results in the improved rot resistance at low DS (Compton et al 1955;Greathouse et al 1956), the enhanced thermoresistance (Saha et al 2000;Nada and Seoudi 2006), and more favorable mechanical and dielectric properties (Yamawaki et al 1990;Hassan et al 2001). Industrial cyanoethylation of cellulose is exclusively performed in a heterogeneous system (Volkert et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and solution properties of cyanoethyl celluloses synthesized in LiOH/urea aqueous solution

Zhou

et al. 2011

Cellulose

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Cyanoethyl celluloses (CECs) with different degree of substitution (DS) were synthesized by homogeneous reaction of cellulose (cotton linter pulp and absorbent cotton) with acrylonitrile (AN) in LiOH/urea aqueous solutions. The reaction showed quick reactivity and high transfer efficiency of etherification agent. The DS values of CECs were controlled by varying the molar ratio of AN to anhydroglucose unit (AGU) and the cellulose concentration. The DS values of the CEC-1-CEC-10 increased from 0.27 to 1.78 with increasing molar ratio of AN to AGU from 0.5:1 to 9:1. While the CEC-11-CEC-21 with DS values of 0.26-1.81 could be obtained by adjusting the molar ratio from 1:1 to 27:1. The relative reactivity of hydroxyl groups is in the order of C-6 [ C-2 [ C-3. The DS values of the water-soluble derivatives are in the range of 0.47-1.01. As the DS values increase to 1.37, CEC samples can not be dissolved in water or dilute alkali solution, but have good solubility in organic solvents, such as DMSO, DMF and pyridine. The dilute solution properties and molecular parameters of the CEC samples were studied by static light scattering and dynamic light scattering. The results indicated that the watersoluble samples could form a small number of aggregates spontaneously in 0.9 wt% NaCl aqueous solution, while the water-insoluble samples showed extended stiff chains in 0.5% LiCl-DMAc.

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“…Such control is not needed in the older process of conversion to a fully dispersed triacetate. That heat transfer is slow in mixed systems of solids and liquids was recognized for soils (20) and in pilot plant cyanoethylation of cotton (8), which, however, does not usually involve a rapid, exothermic side reaction.…”

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confidence: 99%