Cyanotoxin mixture models: Relating environmental variables and toxin co-occurrence to human exposure risk

Christensen, Victoria G.; Stelzer, Erin A.; Eikenberry, Barbara C. Scudder; Olds, Hayley T.; LeDuc, Jaime F.; Maki, Ryan P.; Saley, A.M.; Norland, Jack E.; Khan, Eakalak

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125560

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Late summer blooms in Lake Erie occur when the annual TN:TP input from the Maumee River is low and N is limited (Gobler et al, 2016). Cyanobacterial blooms have been studied to better understand communities with regard to abundance of biomass, the composition of species present, and the ability to produce toxins (Christensen et al, 2019(Christensen et al, , 2021(Christensen et al, , 2022Chorus and Welker, 2021). Christensen et al (2022) showed that similar water quality metrics from three spatially separate locations on Kabetogama Lake had differences in phytoplankton communities at the same locations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drone-based water sampling and characterization of three freshwater harmful algal blooms in the United States

Hanlon

Jacquemin

Birbeck

et al. 2022

Front. Remote Sens.

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Freshwater harmful algal blooms (HABs), caused mostly by toxic cyanobacteria, produce a range of cyanotoxins that threaten the health of humans and domestic animals. Climate conditions and anthropogenic influences such as agricultural run-off can alter the onset and intensity of HABs. Little is known about the distribution and spread of freshwater HABs. Current sampling protocols in some lakes involve teams of researchers that collect samples by hand from a boat and/or from the shoreline. Water samples can be collected from the surface, from discrete-depth collections, and/or from depth-integrated intervals. These collections are often restricted to certain months of the year, and generally are only performed at a limited number of collection sites. In lakes with active HABs, surface samples are generally sufficient for HAB water quality assessments. We used a unique DrOne Water Sampling SystEm (DOWSE) to collect water samples from the surface of three different HABs in Ohio (Grand Lake St Marys, GLSM and Lake Erie) and Virginia (Lake Anna), United States in 2019. The DOWSE consisted of a 3D-printed sampling device tethered to a drone (uncrewed aerial system, or UAS), and was used to collect surface water samples at different distances (10–100 m) from the shore or from an anchored boat. One hundred and eighty water samples (40 at GLSM, 20 at Lake Erie, and 120 at Lake Anna) were collected and analyzed from 18 drone flights. Our methods included testing for cyanotoxins, phycocyanin, and nutrients from surface water samples. Mean concentrations of microcystins (MCs) in drone water samples were 15.00, 1.92, and 0.02 ppb for GLSM, Lake Erie, and Lake Anna, respectively. Lake Anna had low levels of anatoxin in nearly all (111/120) of the drone water samples. Mean concentrations of phycocyanin in drone water samples were 687, 38, and 62 ppb for GLSM, Lake Erie, and Lake Anna, respectively. High levels of total phosphorus were observed in the drone water samples from GLSM (mean of 0.34 mg/L) and Lake Erie (mean of 0.12 mg/L). Lake Anna had the highest variability of total phosphorus with concentrations that ranged from 0.01 mg/L to 0.21 mg/L, with a mean of 0.06 mg/L. Nitrate levels varied greatly across sites, inverse with bloom biomass, ranging from below detection to 3.64 mg/L, with highest mean values in Lake Erie followed by GLSM and Lake Anna, respectively. Drones offer a rapid, targeted collection of water samples from virtually anywhere on a lake with an active HAB without the need for a boat which can disturb the surrounding water. Drones are, however, limited in their ability to operate during inclement weather such as rain and heavy winds. Collectively, our results highlight numerous opportunities for drone-based water sampling technologies to track, predict, and respond to HABs in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drone-based water sampling and characterization of three freshwater harmful algal blooms in the United States

Hanlon

Jacquemin

Birbeck

et al. 2022

Front. Remote Sens.

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“…Reporting on blooms in Midwestern USA, Graham et al [206] noted that anatoxin-a occurred more frequently than reported in other studies both in the USA and worldwide. Some multiple-toxin studies reported that seasonal anatoxin-a occurrence patterns were not the same as microcystin patterns [217,218].…”

Section: Anatoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Co-occurrence has been reported for relatively common toxins, such as anatoxina, microcystin, and saxitoxins [218,277], as well as lesser studied toxins, such as anabaenopeptins [275,278] and BMAA [214]. Anabaenopeptins and cyanopeptolins, although infrequently analyzed in water-quality studies, can occur at similar concentrations and just as frequently as microcystins [270], and synergistic exposure to multiple toxins may increase exposure risk [209,279].…”

Section: Lesser Studied Toxins and Toxin Co-occurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Algae in Inland Waters of the Conterminous United States—A Review and Synthesis

Patiño

Christensen

Graham

et al. 2023

Water

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Cyanobacteria are the most common toxigenic algae in inland waters. Their toxins can affect the health of aquatic and terrestrial organisms, including humans. Other algal groups, such as haptophytes (e.g., Prymnesium parvum) and euglenoids (e.g., Euglena sanguinea), can also form harmful algal blooms (HABs) whose toxins cause injury to aquatic biota but currently have no known effects on human health. Prymnesium parvum, however, is responsible for some of the worst HAB-related ecological disasters recorded in inland waters. Here, we provide an overview of the primary toxigenic algae found in U.S. inland waters: cyanobacteria (planktonic forms), P. parvum, and E. sanguinea with the objective of describing their similarities and differences in the areas of HAB ecology, algal toxins, and the potential for future range expansion of HABs. A detailed account of bloom habitats and their known associations with land cover and use is provided from the perspective of water quality. This review revealed that salinity may have an influence on inland cyanobacterial blooms and cyanotoxins that had not been fully recognized previously.

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“…Though climate change effects are more studied in the marine areas, the impacts of this phenomenon on freshwater ecosystems where CyanoBlooms may appear demand the need to intensify surveillance programs through analysis of bloom composition, occurrence, and toxicity. With statistical models, it is possible to predict future CyanoBlooms episodes by correlating the data (cyanobacterial biomass) with other environmental data [9]. In a CyanoBloom, toxins can be released to the water column where microcystins, cylindrospermopsins, anatoxins, and saxitoxins are of main concern [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanobacterial Blooms: Current Knowledge and New Perspectives

Moreira

Vasconcelos

Antunes

2022

Earth

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Cyanobacteria are ancient prokaryotes responsible for bloom formation in many freshwater resources worldwide. These dense agglomerations are a result of the rise of nutrient input (N and P) or temperature. The toxin content and illness associated with contact impair human health with repercussions in water quality. Produced by a wide variety of cyanobacteria species, CyanoBlooms are in need of a literature review to achieve a global scenario of its current impacts on freshwater resources aiming at changing behaviors towards CyanoBlooms globally and by making communities more resilient to this recurrent problem. With a global distribution, recent data highlight the impacts of climate change on CyanoBlooms occurrence, namely through the rise of temperature and nutrient input from storms and heavy rainfall. With current worldwide regulations based on the enumeration of the nutrient input of freshwater ecosystems, the increase in field monitoring regarding CyanoBlooms occurrence is demanded since evaluation of this parameter may conceal these massive agglomerations resulting in human health episodes and cyanotoxin outbreaks.

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Cyanotoxin mixture models: Relating environmental variables and toxin co-occurrence to human exposure risk

Cited by 11 publications

References 64 publications

Drone-based water sampling and characterization of three freshwater harmful algal blooms in the United States

Drone-based water sampling and characterization of three freshwater harmful algal blooms in the United States

Toxic Algae in Inland Waters of the Conterminous United States—A Review and Synthesis

Cyanobacterial Blooms: Current Knowledge and New Perspectives

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