“…Another is saprophagous, with larvae feeding on withered branches, leaves, and animal feces, which is important for the material cycle in nature (Frew et al, 2016;Gunter et al, 2016). Larvae of the subfamily Rutelinae, which occur more seriously and are a prevalent underground phytophagous pest in agroforestry, include Anomala corpulenta, Adoretus tenuimaculatus, Popillia japonica, and Anomala esoleta (Adesanya et al, 2017;Fang et al, 2018;Qiao et al, 2023;Wang et al, 2023). However, only less than 2% of the larvae of Adoretus tenuimaculatus, Pelidnota lugubris, Chrysophora chrysochlora, Anomala balzapambae, and Macraspis clavate have been described (Fang et al, 2018;Filippini et al, 2017;Medeiros et al, 2019;Pardo-Locarno and Morón, 2007).…”