Cyber attacks in smart grid – dynamic impacts, analyses and recommendations

Abstract

Cyber attacks can cause cascading failures and blackouts in smart grids. Therefore, it is highly necessary to identify the types, impacts and solutions of cyber attacks to ensure the secure operation of power systems. As a well-known practice, steady-state analysis is commonly used to identify cyber attacks and provide effective solutions. However, it cannot fully cover non-linear behaviours and cascaded blackouts of the system caused by dynamic perturbations, as well as provide a postdisturbance operating point. This study presents a novel approach based on dynamic analysis that excludes the limitations of the steady-state analysis and can be used in the events of various cyber attacks. Four types of common attacks are reviewed, and their dynamic impacts are shown on the IEEE benchmark model of the Western System Coordinating Council system implemented in MATLAB Simulink. Then, recommendations are provided to enhance the security of the future smart power grids from the possible cyber attacks.

A novel cyber‐attack modelling and detection in overcurrent protection relays based on wavelet signature analysis

“…As shown in ref. [36], the occurrence of cyberattacks causes system instability and extreme oscillation in the various waveforms of signals, confirming the simulation results obtained in this paper.…”

“…It is noticeable that the behaviour of power networks is different in the two cases of cyber-attack and short circuit fault and requires different assumptions for risk assessment. In [36], FDI, switching, DoS and replay attacks have been applied to protection system (overcurrent relays), intelligent electronic device and power circuit breakers. The detection method is based on dynamic state analysis which is costly in real time.…”

Rule-Based Detection of False Data Injections Attacks against Optimal Power Flow in Power Systems

“…Cyber-based attacks are executed through the cyber layer of a system. Cyber-based FDIA occurs when an attacker injects false information into the cyber components of the system [ 20 ]. Code manipulation occurs when an adversary manipulates the code implementation of the system software.…”

A new stable scheme against false data injection attacks in distributed control microgrid

“…As mentioned earlier, control of the DC microgrid depends on data communication among buses, which is a cyber-physical system [5,6]. As a result, there is the risk of information manipulation by external agents, to damage the infrastructure, destabilise the system, or cause blackouts [7,8] by injecting attacks such as denial of service (DOS), replay, zero-dynamic, and FDI into the cyber layer, as well as actuator attacks into the physical layer [9]. Nevertheless, since FDI attacks are very common, this paper addresses the injection of these attacks into DC microgrids.…”