Cyber Forensic Review of Human Footprint and Gait-based System for Personal Identification in Crime Scene Investigation

Abstract

Human footprint is having a unique set of ridges unmatched by any other human being, and therefore it can be used in different identity documents for example birth certificate, Indian biometric identification system AADHAR card, driving license, PAN card, and passport. There are many instances of the crime scene where an accused must walk around and left the footwear impressions as well as barefoot prints and therefore it is very crucial to recovering the footprints to identify the criminals. Footprint-based biometric is a considerably newer technique for personal identification. Fingerprints, retina, iris and face recognition are the methods most useful for attendance record of the person. This time world is facing the problem of global terrorism. It is challenging to identify the terrorist because they are living as regular as the citizens do. Their soft target includes the industries of special interests such as defense, silicon and nanotechnology chip manufacturing units, pharmacy sectors. They pretend themselves as religious persons, so temples and other holy places, even in markets is in their targets. These are the places where one can obtain their footprints easily. The gait itself is sufficient to predict the behaviour of the suspects. The present research is driven to identify the usefulness of footprint and gait as an alternative to personal identification.

LSB steganography strengthen footprint biometric template

“…From Table 4, a required image named QTmplt1 was entered into the system, the occurrence image is (1) and its Cluster is (1) within the database. QTmplt2 was entered into the system, the occurrence image is (10) and its Cluster is (1) within the database and so on. But the shaded rows show the error result from its clusters should be five and six.…”

“…The human brain acknowledges and orders objects, individuals, or places in an effective, rapid, and easy manner. Since the recognition method takes place so flexible and fast, it is hard to translate this behavior into a laptop algorithm as best as the human being [1]. The computerized system is required and reproduces improved security values even with the practical limits, but a waste of individuality theft by the criminals' hints at risks in the society [1,2].…”

“…Since the recognition method takes place so flexible and fast, it is hard to translate this behavior into a laptop algorithm as best as the human being [1]. The computerized system is required and reproduces improved security values even with the practical limits, but a waste of individuality theft by the criminals' hints at risks in the society [1,2]. Certainly, biometrics is a sensitive record and therefore must be properly protected, to ensure their confidentiality and to maintain the biometric system.…”