Cyber Frauds, Scams and their Victims

Button, Mark; Cross, Cassandra

doi:10.4324/9781315679877

Cited by 130 publications

(92 citation statements)

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“…Victimization usually ends only when the victim runs out of money or may come to the realization that they have been defrauded (Cross and Blackshaw 2015). However, many victims will be involved for extended period of time, encompassing months or years (Button et al 2009;Button and Cross 2017;Cross et al 2016a).…”

Section: What Is Romance Fraud?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Romance Fraud

Cross

2020

The Palgrave Handbook of International Cybercrime and Cyberdeviance

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Romance fraud devastates the lives of millions of victims globally. Under the guise of a legitimate relationship, offenders seek to exploit an emotional connection with victims to fund their financial gain. Romance fraud is particularly insidious, with victims having to grieve not only any financial harm but also the loss of the relationship. Despite the magnitude of victims globally and the severity of the impact of these crimes, there is little research targeted at better

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Section: What Is Romance Fraud?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Romance Fraud

Cross

2020

The Palgrave Handbook of International Cybercrime and Cyberdeviance

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“…Analogously, the defrauding of victims for monetary benefits is the most significant theme in the analysis of Nigerian cybercriminals and the "419-fraud 2 " thesis (Ibrahim 2016a(Ibrahim , 2016b. While many types of cyber-frauds are associated with the broader canon (Button and Cross 2017;Goutam and Verma 2015), the most widely known feature of all of them is 'deception' (Goutam and Verma 2015). The Nigerian cybercriminals, however, are predominantly known for Advance Fee Fraud (Dobovšek et al 2013) which criminals themselves refer to as a 'game' (Lazarus 2018).…”

Section: Money Doublers and Money Doublingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where Is the Money? The Intersectionality of the Spirit World and the Acquisition of Wealth

Lazarus

2019

Religions

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This article is a theoretical treatment of the ways in which local worldviews on wealth acquisition give rise to contemporary manifestations of spirituality in cyberspace. It unpacks spiritual (occult) economies and wealth generation through a historical perspective. The article ‘devil advocates’ the ‘sainthood’ of claimed law-abiding citizens, by highlighting that the line dividing them and the Nigerian cybercriminals (Yahoo-Boys) is blurred with regards to the use of magical means for material ends. By doing so, the article also illustrates that the intersectionality of the spirit world and the acquisition of wealth (crime or otherwise) is connected with local epistemologies and worldviews, and its contemporaneity has social security benefits. Therefore, the view that the contemporary manifestations of spirituality in cyberspace signify a ‘new-danger’ and an ever-increasing outrage in Nigerian society is misplaced. I conclude that if people believe all aspects of life are reflective of the spiritual world and determined by it, the spiritual realm, by implication, is the base of society, upon which sits the superstructure comprised of all aspects of life, especially wealth. Inferentially, this conceptual position that the spirit world is the base of society is an inversion of Orthodox Marxist’s theory of economic determinism.

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“…Thus, their finding regarding the negative psychological consequences for victims may be particularly marked given that romance scams are in the realm of love and friendship and may not be reflective of the experiences of victims of other forms of cyber-fraud (e.g., insurance fraud, and the misappropriation of public funds) without the romance component. As Button and Cross (2017) and Schoepfer et al (2017) noted, cyber-fraud includes hybrid fraudulent acts such as credit card scam, identity theft, intellectual property crimes, financial/bank fraud, and romance scams. Hence, undoubtedly and primarily, a strong motivation for cyber-fraud and a direct primary loss due to cyberfraud is money, as shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Contrasting the Socioeconomic And Psychosocial Cybercrimes Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Just married: the synergy between feminist criminology and the Tripartite Cybercrime Framework

Lazarus¹

2019

Int Social Sci J

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This article is a theoretical treatment of feminist epistemology of crime, which advocates the centrality of gender as a theoretical starting point for the investigating of digital crimes. It does so by exploring the synergy between the feminist perspectives and the Tripartite Cybercrime Framework (TCF) (which argues that three possible factors motivate cybercrimes – socioeconomic, psychosocial, and geopolitical) to critique mainstream criminology and the meaning of the term “cybercrime”. Additionally, the article examines gender gaps in online harassment, cyber‐bullying, cyber‐fraud, revenge porn, and cyber‐stalking to demonstrate that who is victimised, why, and to what effect are the critical starting points for the analysis of the connections between gender and crimes. In turn, it uses the lens of intersectionality to acknowledge that, while conceptions of gender and crime interact, they intersect with other categories (e.g., sexuality) to provide additional layers of explanation. To nuance the utilitarian value of the synergy between the TCF and the feminist perspectives, the focus shifts to a recent case study (which compared socioeconomic and psychosocial cybercrimes). The article concludes that, while online and offline lives are inextricably intertwined, the victimisations in psychosocial cybercrimes may be more gendered than in socioeconomic cybercrimes. These contributions align the TCF to the feminist epistemology of crime in their attempt to move gender analysis of digital crimes “from margin to centre”.

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Cyber Frauds, Scams and their Victims

Cited by 130 publications

References 0 publications

Romance Fraud

Romance Fraud

Where Is the Money? The Intersectionality of the Spirit World and the Acquisition of Wealth

Just married: the synergy between feminist criminology and the Tripartite Cybercrime Framework

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