Cyber-physical cascading failure and resilience of power grid: A comprehensive review

Islam, Md. Zahidul; Lin, Yuzhang; Vokkarane, Vinod M.; Venkataramanan, V.

doi:10.3389/fenrg.2023.1095303

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 113 publications

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“…While the aforementioned works provide valuable insights into cascading failures in power grids, they do not address the cyber-physical factors that can influence such failures. In [22], the authors discuss the resilience of cyber-physical systems against natural hazards and cyber attacks. They consider human and societal factors that can affect system resilience, such as organisational structure and communication patterns.…”

Section: B Cascading Failure Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyber Attacks on Power Grids: Causes and Propagation of Cascading Failures

Rajkumar,

Ştefanov,

Presekal

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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Cascading effects in the power grid involve an uncontrolled, successive failure of elements. The root cause of such failures is the combined occurrence of multiple, statistically rare events that may result in a blackout. With increasing digitalisation, power systems are vulnerable to emergent cyber threats. Furthermore, such threats are not statistically limited and can simultaneously occur at multiple locations. In the absence of real-world attack information, however, it is imperative to investigate if and how cyber attacks can cause power system cascading failures. Hence, in this work we present a fundamental analysis of the connection between the cascading failure mechanism and cyber security. We hypothesise and demonstrate how cyber attacks on power grids may cause cascading failures and a blackout. To do so, we perform a systematic survey of major historic blackouts caused by physical disturbances, and examine the cascading failure mechanism. Subsequently, we identify critical cyber-physical factors that can activate and influence it. We then infer and discuss how cyber attack vectors can enable these factors to cause and accelerate cascading failures. A synthetic case-study and software-based simulation results prove our hypothesis. This analysis enables future research into cyber resilience of power grids.

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Section: B Cascading Failure Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyber Attacks on Power Grids: Causes and Propagation of Cascading Failures

Rajkumar,

Ştefanov,

Presekal

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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Machine learning applications in cascading failure analysis in power systems: A review

Sami,

Naeini

2024

Electric Power Systems Research

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Motif‐based resiliency assessment for cyber‐physical power systems under various hazards

Binqadhi,

AlMuhaini,

Poor

et al. 2024

IET Cyber-Phy Sys Theory & Ap

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Cyber‐physical power systems (CPPS) are integral to meeting society's demand for secure, sustainable, affordable and resilient critical networks and services. Given the convergence of decarbonising, heating, cooling, and transportation networks onto cyber‐physical power systems (CPPS), this takes on increased significance. This paper introduces an innovative approach to the open challenge of how we evaluate CPPS resilience, presenting the use of network motifs and Monte Carlo simulations. We demonstrate how our methodology enables a comprehensive analysis of CPPS by capturing the interdependence between cyber and physical networks and by accounting for inherent uncertainties in cyber and physical components. Specifically, this method incorporates the dynamic interplay between the physical and cyber networks, presenting a time‐dependent motif‐based resilience metric. This metric evaluates CPPS performance in maintaining critical loads during and after diverse extreme events in cyber and/or physical layers. The resilience status of the system is determined using the prevalence of 4‐node motifs within the system's network, offering valuable redundant paths for critical load supply. The study models a variety of natural events, including earthquakes, windstorms, and tornadoes, along with cyber‐attacks while accounting for their inherent uncertainties using Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed approach is demonstrated through two test CPPS, specifically the IEEE 14‐bus and IEEE 30‐bus test systems, affirming its effectiveness in quantifying CPPS resilience. By comprehensively addressing system dynamics, interdependencies, and uncertainties, the proposed technique advances our understanding of CPPS and supports resilient system design.

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Cyber-physical cascading failure and resilience of power grid: A comprehensive review

Cited by 7 publications

References 113 publications

Cyber Attacks on Power Grids: Causes and Propagation of Cascading Failures

Cyber Attacks on Power Grids: Causes and Propagation of Cascading Failures

Machine learning applications in cascading failure analysis in power systems: A review

Motif‐based resiliency assessment for cyber‐physical power systems under various hazards

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