Cyber Physical Systems — Convergence of Physical and Information Sciences

Abstract

Recent attention to Cyber Physical Systems (CPS)is driven by the need for deeper integration of design disciplines that dominate physical and computational domains. Consequently, heterogeneity is the norm as well as the main challenge in CPS design: components and systems are modeled using multiple physical, logical, functional and non-functional modeling aspects. The scope of relevant design domains includes (1) physical domains, such as structure, mechanical dynamics, thermal, propulsion, fluid, electrical, acoustics, vibration and (2) computational, networking domains, used for implementing system control, sensors, health management, mission management, communication. The need for deep integration of these interrelated facets of CPS opens up a rich research agenda towards establishing a new systems science that is simultaneously physical and computational.Zusammenfassung Die Beachtung, die cyber-physische Systeme (CPS) jüngst erfahren, ist bedingt durch die Notwendigkeit einer tiefgreifenden Integration der in naturwissenschaftlichen und rechnergestützten Bereichen vorherrschenden Entwurfsdisziplinen. Für den Entwurf von CPS stellt daher Heterogenität sowohl die Regel als auch die wesentliche Herausforderung dar: Komponenten und Systeme werden mit Hilfe einer Vielzahl physikalischer, logischer, funktionaler und nicht-funktionaler Aspekte modelliert. Die Bandbreite relevanter Designgebiete umfasst (1) physikalische Bereiche wie Struktur, Dynamik, Thermik, Antrieb, Strömung, Elektrizität, Akustik, Vibration, sowie (2) die Bereiche Berechnung und Vernetzung, die zur Implementierung von Systemsteuerung, Sensoren, Systemzustandsmanagement, Missionsmanagement und Kommunikation verwendet werden. Die Notwendigkeit einer tiefgreifenden Integration dieser miteinander verwobenen Facetten von CPS eröffnet eine reichhaltige Forschungsagenda, hin zum Aufbau einer neuen Systemwissenschaft, die gleichzeitig naturwissenschaftlich und informationswissenschaftlich ist.

Agnostic learning for packing machine stoppage prediction in smart factories

“…We produce, in a brute force manner, all possible combinations of ensembles of different lengths (subsets) between the models, generating iteratively ensembles consisting of 𝑖 = 2...𝑘 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑠 (3) where 𝑖, is the number of individual models in each ensemble and 𝑘, is the total number of individual models in each model category (forecasting and regression).…”

“…The vision of a virtual world, that is overlaid on the physical world to continuously monitor it and take intelligent actions to adapt the cyber world to industrial needs, is part of an emerging trend of in pervasive and mo-bile computing [2]. The need for deep integration of those interrelated worlds opens up a rich business agenda to-wards establishing a new system and network engineering that is both physical and virtual [3]. Consequently, industrial cyber-physical systems employment is expected to revolutionize the way enterprises conduct their business from a holistic viewpoint, i.e., from shop-loor to business interactions, from suppliers to consumers, and from design to testing across the entire product and service lifecycle [4].…”

New Perspectives on Software Quality [Guest editors' introduction]

“…Among these are the increased importance of quality management of nonfunctional requirements such as security and performance, the integration of hardware-and software-related quality management, and quality management of external (cloud) services. There's a proposal for a general approach for quality management of cyberphysical systems integrating manifold hardware and software models available, 13 as well as a thorough discussion about the new role of testing in the era of the cloud. 14 Other challenges arise from the need to integrate strictly structured processes in IT management and agile processes within software engineering.…”