Cyber-Physical Systems for Smart Water Networks: A Review

Abstract

There is a growing demand to equip Smart Water Networks (SWN) with advanced sensing and computation capabilities in order to detect anomalies and apply autonomous event-triggered control. Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) have emerged as an important research area capable of intelligently sensing the state of SWN and reacting autonomously in scenarios of unexpected crisis development. Through computational algorithms, CPSs can integrate physical components of SWN, such as sensors and actuators, and provide technological frameworks for data analytics, pertinent decision making, and control. The development of CPSs in SWN requires the collaboration of diverse scientific disciplines such as civil, hydraulics, electronics, environment, computer science, optimization, communication, and control theory. For efficient and successful deployment of CPS in SWN, there is a need for a common methodology in terms of design approaches that can involve various scientific disciplines. This paper reviews the state of the art, challenges, and opportunities for CPSs, that could be explored to design the intelligent sensing, communication, and control capabilities of CPS for SWN. In addition, we look at the challenges and solutions in developing a computational framework from the perspectives of machine learning, optimization, and control theory for SWN.

Interoperability Structure of Smart Water Conservancy Based on Internet of Things

“…Water conservancy object (WCO) includes hydrometric station (point), water conservancy equipment (sluice and pump), and management systems (smart systems and data twins). WCO can be connected and managed by the Internet of Things (IoT) [1] and water conservancy system, and interoperability can be considered a key for efficient management of smart water networks (SWN) [2]. The heterogeneous IoT devices may operate over diverse protocols, which have different data formats and structures but require smooth cooperation and coordination.…”

Semantic Information Modeling and Implementation Method for Water Conservancy Equipment

“…M2M (Machine to Machine) service model and device description model, and proposed a general M2M service architecture, device abstraction access, and semantic annotation [15]. Rohjans [16] modeled the public domain of transmission and distribution networks according to the IEC standard [17]. An integrated management system modeling design method can meet the understandability and reusability of modeling, coupling, and data consistency checks.…”