Cyberball: A program for use in research on interpersonal ostracism and acceptance

Williams, Kipling D.; Jarvis, Blair

doi:10.3758/bf03192765

Cited by 823 publications

(672 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Participants were thus asked to play the Cyberball game (Williams et al 2000; Williams and Jarvis 2006), a virtual ball tossing game that induces social exclusion in a highly 8 standardized manner. In this paradigm, participants were led to believe that they were playing over the internet with two other people who are taking part in similar experiments but who are, in fact, computer generated (see (Williams and Jarvis 2006) for a complete description).…”

Section: Figure 1 Near Here Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social exclusion modulates pre-reflective interpersonal body representation

Ambrosini

Blomberg

Mandrigin

et al. 2013

Psychological Research

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Perception of affordance is enhanced not only when that object is located in one's own peripersonal space, as compared to when it is located within extrapersonal space, but also when the object is located in another person's peripersonal space (as measured by a Spatial Alignment Effect (SAE)). It has been suggested that this reflects the existence of an Interpersonal Body Representation (IBR) that allows us to represent the perceptual states and action possibilities of others. Here, we address the question of whether IBR can be modulated by higher-level/reflective social cognition, such as judgments about one's own social status. Participants responded with either the right or the left hand as soon as a go signal appeared. The go signal screen contained a task-irrelevant stimulus consisting of a 3D scene in which a mug with a left-facing or right-facing handle was positioned on a table. The mug was positioned either inside or outside the reaching space of the participants. In a third of the trials, the mug was positioned within the reaching space of an avatar seated at the table. Prior to this task we induced an experience of social ostracism in half of the participants by means of a standardized social exclusion condition. The results were that the SAE that normally occurs when the mug is in the avatar's reaching space is extinguished by the induced social exclusion. This indicates that judgments about one's own social status modulate the effect of IBR.

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Section: Figure 1 Near Here Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social exclusion modulates pre-reflective interpersonal body representation

Ambrosini

Blomberg

Mandrigin

et al. 2013

Psychological Research

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“…fMRI scans were obtained while participants completed the Cyberball task (27). Participants were told they would be playing a virtual balltossing game with two other individuals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To quantify the magnitude of participants' inflammatory response to this stressor, we collected oral fluids during the stressor and assessed two key markers of inflammatory activity-namely, a soluble receptor for tumor necrosis factor-α (sTNFαRII) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In a subsequent session, a subset of these participants (n = 31) was scanned while they played a computerized ball-tossing game called "Cyberball" (27), in which participants were ultimately excluded by two other supposed players, leading to an experience of social rejection. We then examined how differences in neural activity during social rejection correlated with differences in inflammatory responses to the TSST.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural sensitivity to social rejection is associated with inflammatory responses to social stress

Slavich

Way

Eisenberger

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

331

163

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Although stress-induced increases in inflammation have been implicated in several major disorders, including cardiovascular disease and depression, the neurocognitive pathways that underlie inflammatory responses to stress remain largely unknown. To examine these processes, we recruited 124 healthy young adult participants to complete a laboratory-based social stressor while markers of inflammatory activity were obtained from oral fluids. A subset of participants (n = 31) later completed an fMRI session in which their neural responses to social rejection were assessed. As predicted, exposure to the laboratory-based social stressor was associated with significant increases in two markers of inflammatory activity, namely a soluble receptor for tumor necrosis factor-α (sTNFαRII) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In the neuroimaging subsample, greater increases in sTNFαRII (but not IL-6) were associated with greater activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula, brain regions that have previously been associated with processing rejectionrelated distress and negative affect. These data thus elucidate a neurocognitive pathway that may be involved in potentiated inflammatory responses to acute social stress. As such, they have implications for understanding how social stressors may promote susceptibility to diseases with an inflammatory component.P sychological stress is intimately related to human health and well-being. It increases susceptibility to the common cold (1), elevates risk for several major diseases (2), and is a strong, independent predictor of morbidity and mortality. In a recent epidemiological study, for example, males experiencing high levels of stress were 32% more likely to die during a 22-y assessment period than were those experiencing low levels of stress (3).

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“…These children were subsequently invited to participate in an fMRI study, when these children were on average 14 years of age. In the fMRI, the adolescents with a history of chronic rejection or stable acceptance during elementary school were subjected to Cyberball social exclusion/inclusion (Williams & Jarvis, 2006). The results showed that rejected children compared to accepted children showed heightened activation of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) during social exclusion.…”

Section: Relationships With Peers and Executive Function Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children’s Elementary School Social Experience and Executive Functions Development: Introduction to a Special Section

Lier

Deater‐Deckard

2015

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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Children's executive functions, encompassing inhibitory control, working memory and attention are vital for their self-regulation. With the transition to formal schooling, children need to learn to manage their emotions and behavior in a new and complex social environment that with age increases in the intensity of social interactions with peers and teachers. Stronger executive functions skills facilitate children's social development. In addition, new experiences in the social environments of school also may influence executive function development. The focus of this special section is on this potential impact of elementary school social experiences with peers and teacher on the development of children's executive functions. The collection of papers encompass various aspects of peer and teacher social environments, and cover broad as well as specific facets and measures of executive functions including neural responses. The collection of papers sample developmental periods that span preschool through mid-adolescence. In this introduction, we summarize and highlight the main findings of each of the papers, organized around social interactions with peers and interactions with teachers. We conclude our synopsis with implications for future research, and a specific focus on prevention and intervention.

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Cyberball: A program for use in research on interpersonal ostracism and acceptance

Cited by 823 publications

References 7 publications

Social exclusion modulates pre-reflective interpersonal body representation

Social exclusion modulates pre-reflective interpersonal body representation

Neural sensitivity to social rejection is associated with inflammatory responses to social stress

Children’s Elementary School Social Experience and Executive Functions Development: Introduction to a Special Section

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