Cybersickness: Perception of Self-Motion in Virtual Environments

McCauley, Michael E.; Sharkey, Thomas J.

doi:10.1162/pres.1992.1.3.311

Cited by 410 publications

(248 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The motion sickness experienced with HMDs is most appropriately referred to as 'cybersickness' [11,23]. In principle, the cybersickness experienced while wearing an HMD could be visual, nonvisual or even multisensory in origin [4,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vection and cybersickness generated by head-and-display motion in the Oculus Rift

2017

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Cybersickness is often experienced when viewing virtual environments through head-mounted displays (HMDs). This study examined whether vection (i.e., illusory self-motion) and mismatches between perceived and physical head motions contribute to such adverse experiences. Observers made oscillatory yaw head rotations while viewing stereoscopic optic flow through an Oculus Rift HMD. Vection and cybersickness were measured under 3 conditions of visual compensation for physical head movements: "compensated", "uncompensated", and "inversely compensated". When a nearer aperture was simulated by the HMD, vection was found to be strongest in the "compensated" condition and weakest in the "inversely compensated" condition. However, vection was similar for all 3 conditions during full-field exposures. Cybersickness was most severe for the "inversely compensated" condition, but was not different for the other two conditions. We conclude that mismatches between perceived and physical head-movements can contribute strongly to cybersickness. The relationship between vection and cybersickness is weaker and appears complex. Cybersickness is often experienced when viewing virtual environments through headmounted displays (HMDs). This study examined whether vection (i.e., illusory self-motion) and mismatches between perceived and physical head motions contribute to such adverse experiences. Observers made oscillatory yaw head rotations while viewing stereoscopic optic flow through an Oculus Rift HMD. Vection and cybersickness were measured under 3 conditions of visual compensation for physical head movements: "compensated", "uncompensated", and "inversely compensated". When a nearer aperture was simulated by the HMD, vection was found to be strongest in the "compensated" condition and weakest in the "inversely compensated" condition. However, vection was similar for all 3 conditions during full-field exposures. Cybersickness was most severe for the "inversely compensated" condition, but was not different for the other two conditions. We conclude that mismatches between perceived and physical head-movements can contribute strongly to cybersickness. The relationship between vection and cybersickness is weaker and appears complex.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vection and cybersickness generated by head-and-display motion in the Oculus Rift

2017

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“…For example, Kennedy,Fowlkes,and Lilienthal [13], have shown that following exposure to virtual environments and simulators, up to 30% of exposures result in reported nausea, up to 40% of exposures result in reported eyestrain, as well as the experience of numerous other symptoms of motion sickness including drowsiness, salivation, sweating, headache, and dizziness/vertigo, and loss of postural stability. Although the prevalence of motion sickness in virtual environments appears greater than in flight simulators [14], results are generally based upon survey and selfreported measures rather than controlled experiments [15], [16].…”

Section: Motion Sickness In Virtual Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demand Characteristics of a Questionnaire Used to Assess Motion Sickness in a Virtual Environment

Young

Adelstein

Ellis

IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (VR 2006)

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The experience of motion sickness in a virtual environment may be measured through pre-and post-experiment self-reported questionnaires such as the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ). Although research provides converging evidence that users of virtual environments can experience motion sickness, there have been no controlled studies to determine to what extent the user's subjective response is a demand characteristic resulting from pre-and post-test measures. In this study, subjects were given either SSQ's both pre and post virtual environment immersion, or only post immersion. This technique was used to test for contrast effects due to demand characteristics in which administration of the questionnaire itself suggests to the participant that the virtual environment may produce motion sickness. Results indicate that reports of motion sickness after immersion in a virtual environment are much greater when both pre and post questionnaires are given than when only a post test questionnaire is used. The implications for assessments of motion sickness in virtual environments are discussed.

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“…Another important concept to address before describing the treatment manual is the potential negative side effects that can be induced by the immersion in VR. These unwanted side effects are often called "cybersickness" [34], although they do not refer to an actual sickness or illness. The term was coined following the use of common expressions such as sea sickness, motion sickness and simulator sickness.…”

Section: Internal Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%