Cycle of earthquake‐induced aggradation and related tidal channel shifting, upper Turnagain Arm, Alaska, USA

Bartsch-Winkler, Susan

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.1988.tb01240.x

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This bifurcation occurs near Anchorage (2055), which has a tidal range of 8.78 m. Tides attain ranges of 10.15 m within Turnagain Arm (2053). Within Turnagain Arm, tidal ranges have been reported to be "about 11.5 m" (Bartsch-Winkler, 1988), which would be about 13% higher than the information presented by NOAA. Figure 11.…”

Section: Active Margins Cook Inlet (6)mentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Tidal bores are well developed within Turnagain Arm. Aspects of sedimentation and tidal regimes are discussed in detail by Sharma (1969) and Bartsch-Winkler (1988).…”

Section: Active Margins Cook Inlet (6)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1964, a quake in this area registered a Richter magnitude of 8.4 and caused about $500 million in property damage (Eckel, 1970). The seismicity of the area has had profound effects on long-term deposition and tidal-channel stability (Bartsch-Winkler, 1988;Atwater et al, 2001).…”

Section: Active Margins Cook Inlet (6)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Archer¹,

Hubbard²

2003

Extreme Depositional Environments: Mega End Members in Geologic Time

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Section: Active Margins Cook Inlet (6)mentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Tidal bores are well developed within Turnagain Arm. Aspects of sedimentation and tidal regimes are discussed in detail by Sharma (1969) and Bartsch-Winkler (1988).…”

Section: Active Margins Cook Inlet (6)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highest tides of the world

Archer¹,

Hubbard²

2003

Extreme Depositional Environments: Mega End Members in Geologic Time

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“…Originally, the buried peats were inferred to represent sea‐level fluctuations (Karlstrom, 1964). Since subsidence was recorded during the great earthquake, however, several investigations have interpreted past large‐magnitude earthquakes as the mechanism which formed the succession of buried peats and tidal facies (Bartsch‐Winkler, 1988; Bartsch‐Winkler & Schmoll, 1987; Bartsch‐Winkler et al. , 1983; Combellick, 1991, 1993, 1994).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Originally, the buried peats were inferred to represent sea-level fluctuations (Karlstrom, 1964). Since subsidence was recorded during the great earthquake, however, several investigations have interpreted past large-magnitude earthquakes as the mechanism which formed the succession of buried peats and tidal facies (Bartsch-Winkler, 1988;Bartsch-Winkler & Schmoll, 1987;Bartsch-Winkler et al, 1983;Combellick, 1991Combellick, , 1993Combellick, , 1994. Age dating of peats in the escarpment along the tidal flats is used herein to compare short-term and long-term preservation potential of tidal rhythmites in the fluvial-estuarine transition of Glacier Creek.…”

Section: Sedge Marsh and Palaeoseismicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Apogean–perigean signals encoded in tidal flats at the fluvio–estuarine transition of Glacier Creek, Turnagain Arm, Alaska; implications for ancient tidal rhythmites

2011

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Turnagain Arm is a macrotidal fjord‐style estuary. Glacier Creek is a small, glacially fed stream which enters the estuary tangentially near Girdwood, Alaska. Trenches and daily sedimentation measurements were made in a mudflat along the fluvio–estuarine transition of Glacier Creek during several summers since 2003. Each year, the flats appear to erode during the winter and then accrete vertically in the spring and summer. In each of the years studied, tidal laminae in vertically thickening and thinning laminae bundles were deposited by twice daily tides in neap–spring tidal cycles. In 2004, bundles of thickening and thinning laminae couplets were noted in trenches cut into the flats. Five laminae bundles alternated between thicker and thinner bundles, corresponding to the perigean (high spring) and apogean (low spring) tides. Well‐preserved apogean–perigean cycles have rarely been documented in modern tidal flat sediments. At this location, vertical accretion of tidal rhythmites with well‐developed neap–spring cyclicity is possible because of the near‐complete removal of the flat from the previous year, which creates accommodation space for vertical accretion without significant reworking. Macrotidal conditions, no reworking by infaunal invertebrates, protection from the main tidal channel by a gravel bar and protection from storm waves and fluvial erosion by a recess in the sedge marsh that surrounds the flats all aid in preservation of rhythmites during aggradation. The position of the flats relative to tidal range allows for accumulation of complete spring cycles and incomplete neap cycles. In the summer of 2004, apogee and perigee were closely aligned with the new and full moons, resulting in successive strong perigee and apogee tides which probably aided in the accumulation of successive thick–thin spring cycles encoding the apogean and perigean tidal cycle. The apogean–perigean signal was not observed in subsequent years.

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Renewal of Tidal Forests in Washington State after a Subduction Earthquake in A.D. 1700

et al. 2001

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With few exceptions, today's tidal trees near Washington's Pacific coast postdate an earthquake that lowered the region by 1 m or more. The earthquake, which occurred in A.D. 1700, is the most recent to have ruptured much of the plate boundary at this central part of the Cascadia subduction zone. Because of the coseismic subsidence, lowland forests became tidal flats where thousands of trees died. Most of the trees killed were Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis). In the centuries since the earthquake, tidal deposits have built new land that has been colonized by new Sitka spruce. All but several tens of the region's tidal spruce consequently postdate 1700, as shown by counts of annual rings in 121 of the largest spruce in tidal forests at Copalis River, Grays Harbor, and Willapa Bay. Forests began to return to each of these estuaries in the early 1700s and spread seaward in the late 1700s and 1800s. Annual rings in the oldest of the trees thus record a large fraction of the earthquake-recurrence interval that began with the 1700 earthquake.

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Cycle of earthquake‐induced aggradation and related tidal channel shifting, upper Turnagain Arm, Alaska, USA

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Highest tides of the world

Highest tides of the world

Apogean–perigean signals encoded in tidal flats at the fluvio–estuarine transition of Glacier Creek, Turnagain Arm, Alaska; implications for ancient tidal rhythmites

Renewal of Tidal Forests in Washington State after a Subduction Earthquake in A.D. 1700

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