Cycles of Jungle Malaria in West Malaysia

Warren, McWilson; Cheong, W. H.; Fredericks, H. K.; Coatney, G. Robert

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1970.19.383

Cited by 42 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…These investigations by a team from the U.S. National Institutes of Health working in close collaboration with colleagues at the Institute for Medical Research in Kuala Lumpur, Peninsular Malaysia, were intensified with the report of the naturally acquired human infection with P. knowlesi (22). A total of 1,117 blood samples were collected from villagers living in the vicinity where the American army surveyor had been working in the forest in Pahang State, Peninsular Malaysia (27). These samples, comprising only 28 that were malaria positive by microscopy, were pooled and injected into rhesus macaques, but none of the macaques acquired malaria.…”

Section: Discovery and Early Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Infections and Detection of Plasmodium knowlesi

2013

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SUMMARY Plasmodium knowlesi is a malaria parasite that is found in nature in long-tailed and pig-tailed macaques. Naturally acquired human infections were thought to be extremely rare until a large focus of human infections was reported in 2004 in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Human infections have since been described throughout Southeast Asia, and P. knowlesi is now recognized as the fifth species of Plasmodium causing malaria in humans. The molecular, entomological, and epidemiological data indicate that human infections with P. knowlesi are not newly emergent and that knowlesi malaria is primarily a zoonosis. Human infections were undiagnosed until molecular detection methods that could distinguish P. knowlesi from the morphologically similar human malaria parasite P. malariae became available. P. knowlesi infections cause a spectrum of disease and are potentially fatal, but if detected early enough, infections in humans are readily treatable. In this review on knowlesi malaria, we describe the early studies on P. knowlesi and focus on the epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical aspects, and treatment of knowlesi malaria. We also discuss the gaps in our knowledge and the challenges that lie ahead in studying the epidemiology and pathogenesis of knowlesi malaria and in the prevention and control of this zoonotic infection.

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Section: Discovery and Early Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Infections and Detection of Plasmodium knowlesi

2013

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“…In one trial, Warren collected the blood of over 1100 people from the surrounding populations and, pooling the samples into groups of 10, he inoculated over 100 malaria-free rhesus macaques. Not a single monkey malaria infection was recovered in this experiment (Warren et al, 1970).…”

Section: Modeling Parasitic Disease: Monkeys Malaria and Men In Thementioning

confidence: 74%

“…In other words, like the inversion of Koch's postulate that Coatney's team enacted in the laboratory, the hypotheses of Eyles and his team in the field were based on a similar inversion, testing whether humans could serve as ''reservoirs'' for a monkey parasite. Nevertheless, despite the researchers' efforts to reach deep into the forest, where monkey and human populations were in close proximity, these human blood samples still did not produce a single infection in any of the inoculated monkeys back in Kuala Lumpur (Warren et al, 1970).…”

Section: Modeling Parasitic Disease: Monkeys Malaria and Men In Thementioning

confidence: 96%

“…While their collection experiments demonstrated that simian malaria vectors happily bit human hosts, these mosquito species also tended to spend most of their time high in the forest canopy, a niche in the forest not visited by the typical human. In other words, Warren, Eyles, and their colleagues were finding that the habitats of humans and indigenous simian malaria vectors did not overlap to a significant extent, even in the deep forest (Warren et al, 1970). This was an important ecological conclusion, with public health ramifications.…”

Section: Modeling Parasitic Disease: Monkeys Malaria and Men In Thementioning

confidence: 98%

“…The traps were erected both at ground level and in the canopy of the forest, and baited with both live humans and monkeys. In other words, monkeys in cages and human volunteers on platforms would spend long nights in the forest, simply waiting for hungry mosquitoes to home in on their bare skin (Warren et al, 1970). In each case, trapped mosquitoes were identified and dissected.…”

Section: Modeling Parasitic Disease: Monkeys Malaria and Men In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Patterns of Infection and Patterns of Evolution: How a Malaria Parasite Brought “Monkeys and Man” Closer Together in the 1960s

Dentinger

2015

J Hist Biol

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Abstract. In 1960, American parasitologist Don Eyles was unexpectedly infected with a malariaparasite isolated from a macaque. He and his supervisor, G. Robert Coatney of the National Institutes of Health, had started this series of experiments with the assumption that humans were not susceptible to ''monkey malaria.'' The revelation that a mosquito carrying a macaque parasite could infect a human raised a whole range of public health and biological questions. This paper follows Coatney's team of parasitologists and their subjects: from the human to the nonhuman; from the American laboratory to the forests of Malaysia; and between the domains of medical research and natural history. In the course of this research, Coatney and his colleagues inverted Koch's postulate, by which animal subjects are used to identify and understand human parasites. In contrast, Coatney's experimental protocol used human subjects to identify and understand monkey parasites. In so doing, the team repeatedly followed malaria parasites across the purported boundary separating monkeys and humans, a practical experience that created a sense of biological symmetry between these separate species. Ultimately, this led Coatney and his colleagues make evolutionary inferences, concluding ''that monkeys and man are more closely related than some of us wish to admit.'' In following monkeys, men, and malaria across biological, geographical, and disciplinary boundaries, this paper offers a new historical narrative, demonstrating that the pursuit of public health agendas can fuel the expansion of evolutionary knowledge.

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Malaria in macaques

Fooden

1994

Int J Primatol

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Cycles of Jungle Malaria in West Malaysia

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

Human Infections and Detection of Plasmodium knowlesi

Human Infections and Detection of Plasmodium knowlesi

Patterns of Infection and Patterns of Evolution: How a Malaria Parasite Brought “Monkeys and Man” Closer Together in the 1960s

Malaria in macaques

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