Cyclic and Dynamic Behavior of Sand–Rubber and Clay–Rubber Mixtures

Rı́os, Sara; Kowalska, Magdalena; Fonseca, António Viana da

doi:10.1007/s10706-021-01704-3

Cited by 28 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…With respect to static behaviour due to static loading one may mention the work by Foose et al (1996), Zornberg et al (2004), Becker and Vrettos (2011). In respect of cyclic behaviour evaluated using cyclic simple shear and cyclic triaxial apparatuses, one may acknowledge the works by Nakhaei et al (2012), Kaneko et al (2013), Mashiri et al (2016), Li et al (2016), Madhusudhan et al (2018), Bahadori and Farzalizadeh (2018), Banzibaganye et al (2019), Hazarika et al (2020), Amuthan et al (2020), Das and Bhowmik (2020), Madhusudhan et al (2020), Rios et al (2021) Banzibaganye and Vrettos (2022). The dynamic behaviour of sand rubber mixtures was evaluated in few studies using a resonant column device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonant Column Tests on Mixtures of Different Sands with Coarse Tyre Rubber Chips

Banzibaganye

Vrettos

2022

Geotech Geol Eng

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The dynamic behaviour of unsaturated sand rubber chips mixtures at various gravimetric contents is evaluated through an experimental study comprising resonant column tests in a fixed-free device. Chips were irregularly shaped with dimensions ranging from 5 to 14 mm. Three types of sand with different gradation have been considered. Relative density amounted to 0.5 for all specimens. Due to the large size of the chips, the diameter of the specimens had to be equal to 100 mm, which in turn required a re-calibration of the device assuming a frequency-dependent drive head inertia. The effects of confining stress, rubber chips content, and sand gradation on shear modulus and damping ratio are determined over wide ranges of the shear strain. At small strains, as known for sands, increasing the confining stress stiffens the mixtures. Increasing the rubber chips content reduces significantly the shear modulus and increases the damping ratio. At higher strains, increasing the confining stress or the rubber content flattens the reduction of the shear modulus with strain. Damping at high strains does not show any appreciable dependence on rubber content. Unloading–reloading sequences are used to assess shear modulus degradation and threshold strains. Finally, design equations are derived from the test results to predict the dynamic response of the composite material.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonant Column Tests on Mixtures of Different Sands with Coarse Tyre Rubber Chips

Banzibaganye

Vrettos

2022

Geotech Geol Eng

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“…Regarding the stiffness of the material such results were expected based on literature, even though the focus there is the change in terms of shear modulus. (Feng and Sutter 2000;Zheng-Yi and Sutter 2000;Youwai and Bergado 2003;Uchimira et al 2007;Anastasiadis et al 2012a, b;Senetakis et al 2012;Nakhaei et al 2012;Ehsani et al 2015;Pistolas et al 2016, Li et al 2016, Rios et al 2021Liu et al 2022). As a simplistic rule, it can be stated that there is pure monotonicity where the higher the percentage of sand into the mixture, the higher the stiffness gets.…”

Section: Monotonicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike to the monotonic behaviour, the research in the dynamic properties of such mixtures presents a clearer image. An increase in the tire content within the mixture is associated to a reduction in the shear modulus and at the same time to an increase in damping ratio (Feng and Sutter 2000;Zheng-Yi and Sutter 2000;Youwai and Bergado 2003;Anastasiadis et al 2012a, b;Senetakis et al 2012;Nakhaei et al 2012;Ehsani et al 2015;Li et al 2016;Pistolas et al 2018;Rios et al 2021;Liu et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on sand-tire chip mixture foundations acting as a soil liquefaction countermeasure

Nikitas

Bhattacharya

2023

Bull Earthquake Eng

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Soil liquefaction is a phenomenon associated with strong earthquakes and it can affect large areas. High-rise and low-rise buildings, residential structures typically of 1–2 storeys, may be equally prone to the destructive consequences of liquefaction. For the case of high-rise buildings, expensive solutions like well-designed piles with ground improvement can be used. However, in the case of smaller residential structures, this is not economically viable. To this purpose, the current research explores the effectiveness of a novel proposed low-cost liquefaction protection technique, where the soil underneath the foundation is replaced by a sand-tire chip mixture base reaching down to a certain depth. Series of triaxial and shaking table tests were performed for a range of parametric scenarios to, mainly mechanistically, assess the effectiveness of such a mitigation technique, since similar previous studies are extremely limited. The tests have shown that the closest the considered base is to the surface, the thicker it is and with higher tire ratio, the more effective it can become on controlling the pore pressure rise that leads to liquefaction.

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“…As they are very dense and strong, the particle breakage is expected to be reduced [32], but the contact stress may be significant. The introduction of rubber may reduce those contact stresses, reducing the stiffness and increasing the energy absorption capacity [33]. For this purpose, triaxial compression and cyclic triaxial tests were performed on slag-rubber mixtures compacted on the optimum point of a modified Proctor compaction curve.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Behaviour of Steel Slag–Rubber Mixtures: Laboratory Assessment

et al. 2023

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Slags and rubber from end-of-life tires represent a liability to the steel and tire industry, causing economic and environmental problems that are difficult to manage. Transport infrastructures can use these industrial by-products instead of extracting natural raw materials, but the adequate mechanical performance of the materials needs to be assured. This paper addresses the mechanical behaviour of slag–rubber mixtures in the laboratory with CBR, monotonic and cyclic triaxial tests. In addition, light falling weight deflectometer tests were also performed in a physical model. The results were analysed to meet technical specifications from Brazil, Portugal and Australia using railway sub-ballast layers, capping layers or road pavement layers as the base and sub-base to identify the applicability range of slag–rubber mixtures for transport infrastructures. Concerning the analysed parameters, it was demonstrated that slag–rubber mixtures can show resilient behaviour and strength adequate for the support layers of transport infrastructures provided that the rubber content is below 5% in weight and that the slag is milled to comply with the grain size distribution ranges available in the technical specifications of the cited countries.

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Cyclic and Dynamic Behavior of Sand–Rubber and Clay–Rubber Mixtures

Cited by 28 publications

References 47 publications

Resonant Column Tests on Mixtures of Different Sands with Coarse Tyre Rubber Chips

Resonant Column Tests on Mixtures of Different Sands with Coarse Tyre Rubber Chips

Experimental study on sand-tire chip mixture foundations acting as a soil liquefaction countermeasure

Mechanical Behaviour of Steel Slag–Rubber Mixtures: Laboratory Assessment

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