2008
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002004
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Cyclic and Sleep-Like Spontaneous Alternations of Brain State Under Urethane Anaesthesia

Abstract: BackgroundAlthough the induction of behavioural unconsciousness during sleep and general anaesthesia has been shown to involve overlapping brain mechanisms, sleep involves cyclic fluctuations between different brain states known as active (paradoxical or rapid eye movement: REM) and quiet (slow-wave or non-REM: nREM) stages whereas commonly used general anaesthetics induce a unitary slow-wave brain state.Methodology/Principal FindingsLong-duration, multi-site forebrain field recordings were performed in uretha… Show more

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Cited by 326 publications
(416 citation statements)
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“…We collected infraslow data under urethane-induced anaesthesia as it provided a stable brain state devoid of evoked or voluntary behavior, which might contaminate resting-state activity. Previous accounts of spontaneous, cyclic ultraslow transitions in cortical power (1.5-4 Hz) are not likely to be principal contributors to the infraslow functional organization described here, as we observe the persistence of this organization under light isoflurane (0.5%) anaesthesia and under awake states where such alternations are greatly reduced or absent 54 ( Supplementary Fig. 7).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 57%
“…We collected infraslow data under urethane-induced anaesthesia as it provided a stable brain state devoid of evoked or voluntary behavior, which might contaminate resting-state activity. Previous accounts of spontaneous, cyclic ultraslow transitions in cortical power (1.5-4 Hz) are not likely to be principal contributors to the infraslow functional organization described here, as we observe the persistence of this organization under light isoflurane (0.5%) anaesthesia and under awake states where such alternations are greatly reduced or absent 54 ( Supplementary Fig. 7).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 57%
“…3 and 4), as expected under the framework of the cholinergic model of theta generation (31,49). A related interpretation of the differential effects of optogenetic stimulation of MS during anesthesia and waking is that the overall tone of ACh is lower under urethane than in the waking animal (50,51). Thus, optogenetically assisted increase of cholinergic activity could increase ACh release effectively in the anesthetized mouse, as illustrated by the robust power changes in various frequency bands, but the same stimulation would exert fewer effects in the waking animal when levels of ACh are already high.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 51%
“…Details of all procedures are available in our previous publications (Wolansky et al, 2006;Clement et al, 2008;Schall et al, 2008;Sharma et al, 2010).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%