Cyclic changes in the differentiation of lymphoid cells in reptiles

Ridi, Rashika El; Zada, Suher; Afifi, Ahmed M.; Deeb, Somaya El; Rouby, Soumaya El; Farag, Michael M.; Saad, Abdel Hakim

doi:10.1016/0045-6039(88)90081-4

Cited by 37 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Temperature can also influence immune function (Garvin et al 2006), which in some reptiles varies with age, parasite load, and general condition (Ujvari and Madsen 2006). Reptiles show seasonal differences in various components of immune function, such as involution of the thymus and spleen and the abundance of circulating lymphoid cells (El Ridi et al 1988;Zapata et al 1992;Muñoz and De la Fuente 2004). Adult reptiles tend to show lymphoid tissue involution during the winter months as energetic resources are presumably devoted to survival through this low-resource period and away from any nonessential processes (Leceta and Zapata 1986;Muñoz and De la Fuente 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living at Extremes: Development at the Edges of Viable Temperature under Constant and Fluctuating Conditions

Les

Paitz

Bowden

2009

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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In the painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) and the red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta), the temperature that eggs are exposed to during incubation influences many traits of the developing embryo. We tested the effect of fluctuating- versus constant-temperature incubation regimes at the high and low ends of the viable developmental temperature range to assess the effect of incubation environment on offspring development. Eggs were incubated in four treatments: 23 degrees C constant, 23 degrees +/- 3 degrees C, 31 degrees C constant, and 31 degrees +/- 3 degrees C. We assessed incubation duration, hatchling survival, growth, and immune function via a delayed-type hypersensitivity test. We predicted that fluctuations would accelerate developmental time at 23 degrees C and decelerate it at 31 degrees C and that these changes in incubation duration would influence offspring phenotype. We found that fluctuating incubation conditions affected developmental time at both temperatures and that survival, growth, and immune response were increased by temperature fluctuations. These results demonstrate that fluctuating temperatures have a differential impact on offspring phenotype when compared to constant temperatures, and they suggest that hatchling fitness is enhanced under conditions that more closely mimic natural incubation conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living at Extremes: Development at the Edges of Viable Temperature under Constant and Fluctuating Conditions

Les

Paitz

Bowden

2009

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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“…Importantly, in reptiles, preanalytic factors such as season, location, and venipuncture site can substantially influence hematology variables . In this prospective study, blood from clinically healthy, captive Bobtail lizards was collected during 2 consecutive summers in Perth, Western Australia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, in reptiles, preanalytic factors such as season, location, and venipuncture site can substantially influence hematology variables. 3,4 In this prospective study, blood from clinically healthy, captive Bobtail lizards was collected during 2 consecutive summers in Perth, Western Australia. Complete blood cell counts were measured and the features of the blood cells were further characterized using light and transmission electron microscopy, and cytochemical stains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hematology of captive Bobtail lizards (Tiliqua rugosa): blood counts, light microscopy, cytochemistry, and ultrastructure

Moller

Gaál

Mills

2016

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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“…Body temperature can have a direct effect on reptile immune systems, with species-specific optima and compromised immunity at body temperature extremes (9,39). The spleen, thymus, and gut-associated lymphoid tissues of many reptiles undergo marked seasonal involutions (12,43). That cycle seems to coincide with neuroendocrine rhythms correlated with mating periods (33,34), independent of the direct effects of body temperature.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Antibodies to a Pathogenic Mycoplasma in American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis), Broad-Nosed Caimans (Caiman latirostris), and Siamese Crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis)

Brown

Schumacher²,

Nogueira

et al. 2001

J Clin Microbiol

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An epidemic of pneumonia with fibrinous polyserositis and multifocal arthritis emerged in captive American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in Florida, United States, in 1995. Mycoplasma alligatoris sp. nov. was cultured from multiple organs, peripheral blood, synovial fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid of affected alligators. In a subsequent experimental inoculation study, the Henle-Koch-Evans postulates were fulfilled for M. alligatoris as the etiological agent of fatal mycoplasmosis of alligators. That finding was remarkable because mycoplasmal disease is rarely fatal in animals. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies produced by alligators in response to M. alligatoris exposure was developed by using plasma obtained from naturally infected alligators during the original epidemic. The assay was validated by using plasma obtained during an experimental dose-response study and applied to analyze plasma obtained from captive and wild crocodilian species. The ELISA reliably detected alligator seroconversion (P < 0.05) beginning 6 weeks after inoculation. The ELISA also detected seroconversion (P < 0.05) in the relatively closely related broad-nosed caiman Caiman latirostris and the relatively distantly related Siamese crocodile Crocodylus siamensis following experimental inoculation with M. alligatoris. The ELISA may be used to monitor exposure to the lethal pathogen M. alligatoris among captive, repatriated, and wild crocodilian species.An epidemic of mycoplasmosis emerged in a collection of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in Florida in 1995 (4, 8). Thirty-three 200-to 300-kg adult male alligators died, and 13 moribund alligators were euthanatized within 1 month of the index case. Lesions observed at necropsy ranged from mild interstitial and peribronchiolar pneumonia to fibronecrotic pneumonia. Extrapulmonary complications included pericarditis, myocarditis, and multifocal arthritis. Mycoplasma alligatoris proposed sp. nov. was isolated from multiple tissues, blood, synovial fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid of affected alligators. In a pilot experimental inoculation study (5, 6), healthy alligators were inoculated with M. alligatoris strain A21JP2 T (ATCC 700619) to reproduce the disease and fulfill the HenleKoch-Evans postulates (11) for M. alligatoris as the etiological agent of synovitis, polyserositis, and pneumonia of alligators. The results were remarkable because, except for bovine and caprine pleuropneumonia, mycoplasmal disease is rarely fatal in animals.The origin of the 1995 epidemic remains unknown, but the disease may emerge under conditions of captivity. Crocodilians are frequently sold or traded among collections, exhibits, zoos, and ranches. Many collections include multiple species of crocodilians. Some crocodilians from commercial ranches are repatriated after "head-starting" hatchlings from eggs collected in the wild, a potential vector for catastrophic infection of wild populations if lethal disease emerges in captivity. A validated ser...

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Cyclic changes in the differentiation of lymphoid cells in reptiles

Cited by 37 publications

References 24 publications

Living at Extremes: Development at the Edges of Viable Temperature under Constant and Fluctuating Conditions

Living at Extremes: Development at the Edges of Viable Temperature under Constant and Fluctuating Conditions

The hematology of captive Bobtail lizards (Tiliqua rugosa): blood counts, light microscopy, cytochemistry, and ultrastructure

Detection of Antibodies to a Pathogenic Mycoplasma in American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis), Broad-Nosed Caimans (Caiman latirostris), and Siamese Crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis)

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