Cyclic Changes in Utero-Ovarian Blood Flow and Ovarian Hormone Secretion in the Hamster: Effects of Adrenocorticotropin, Luteinizing Hormone, and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone*

Varga, B; Greenwald, Gilbert S.

doi:10.1210/endo-104-5-1525

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…ovarian histamine (table 5) and the LH surge [Bast and Greenwald, 1974], During other times of the cycle ovarian blood flow did not change signif icantly. These results are consistent with a previous study by Varga and Greenwald [ 1979) who found no changes in utero-ovarian blood flow on days 1-4 at 10.00-14.00 h but a significant increase was observed from 10.00-14.00 to 16.00-19.30 h on day 4.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Compartmentalized Mast Cell Degranulations in the Ovarian Hilum, Fat Pad, Bursa and Blood Vessel Regions of the Cyclic Hamster: Relationships to Ovarian Histamine and Blood Flow

Krishna

Terranova²

1991

Cells Tissues Organs

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Ovaries from hamsters on each day of the oestrous cycle at 09.00 h were observed for the number of mast cells, the pattern of mast cell degranulation, histamine concentration and blood flow. On day 4 (pro-oestrus), ovaries were also observed at 9.00,15.00 and 21.00 h. Mast cell degranulation was evaluated by 3 criteria: (1) no degranulation = less than 5 granules dispersed from the cell; (2) moderate degranulation = 5 or more granules dispersed but less than 15, and (3) extensive degranulation = 15 or more granules released. Blood flow was determined using radio-active microspheres in anaesthetized animals. Mast cells were observed in fat pad (beyond 2 mm of the bursal mesothelium) bursa (within 2 mm of the bursal mesothelium), hilum and near ovarian blood vessels (these 4 regions are collectively called the ovarian complex). The distribution of ovarian mast cells was not uniform. Most mast cells were near ovarian blood vessels (42.2%) and in the fat pad (37.2%). A moderate number of cells were in the bursal wall (20%) and only a few cells were observed in the hilum (0.64%). Mast cell number remained unchanged on days 1–4 of the cycle in each ovarian compartment. However, summation of the number of mast cells in the entire ovarian complex revealed a significant decline in number at 15.00 h on pro-oestrus. Alterations in mast cell degranulation were primarily restricted to 2 periods of the cycle (pro-oestrus and di-oestrus). An increase in moderate but not extensive degranulation was observed in only the fat pad and bursa on day 2 when compared with day 1 values. In most ovarian compartments on pro-oestrus, degranulation was higher than on any other day of the cycle. At 15.00 h on pro-oestrus extensive degranulation in bursa fat pad and blood vessel regions (but not hilum) coincided with an increase in ovarian histamine and decline in number of mast cells; ovarian blood flow also increased at that time but remained unchanged the remainder of the cycle. The results indicate that significant mast cell degranulation could occur on days other than pro-oestrus, although on pro-oestrus mast cell degranulation was increased, that not all ovarian compartments exhibit the same pattern of mast cell degranulation and that changes in ovarian blood may correlate with increased histamine and mast cell degranulation on pro-oestrus but not necessarily on other days of the cycle.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Compartmentalized Mast Cell Degranulations in the Ovarian Hilum, Fat Pad, Bursa and Blood Vessel Regions of the Cyclic Hamster: Relationships to Ovarian Histamine and Blood Flow

Krishna

Terranova²

1991

Cells Tissues Organs

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“…The ovary experiences up to threefold changes in blood flow amplitude throughout the estrous cycle (11,35), with still greater increases during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy (2,22). Total ovarian blood flow peaks during the preovulatory phase, when follicular growth is rapid and estrogen levels are high (11,35).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total ovarian blood flow peaks during the preovulatory phase, when follicular growth is rapid and estrogen levels are high (11,35). With ovulation and the commencement of luteal function, total ovarian flow begins to fall and initially is delivered predominantly to the corpora lutea before shifting to the next cohort of growing follicles following luteal regression (11,35).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravascular pressure and diameter profile of the utero-ovarian resistance artery network: estrous cycle-dependent modulation of resistance artery tone

Sweeney

Bagher

Bailey

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Blood flow to the ovary varies dramatically in both magnitude and distribution throughout the estrous cycle to meet the hormonal and metabolic demands of the ovarian parenchyma as it cyclically develops and regresses. Several vascular components appear to be critical to vascular regulation of the ovary. As a first step in resolving the role of the resistance arteries and their paired veins in regulating ovarian blood flow and transvascular exchange, we characterized the architecture and intravascular pressure profile of the utero-ovarian resistance artery network in an in vivo preparation of the ovary of the anesthetized Golden hamster. We also investigated estrous cycle-dependent changes in resistance artery tone. The right ovary and the cranial aspect of the uterus in 26 female hamsters were exposed for microcirculatory observations. Estrous-cycle phase was determined in each animal before experimentation. The utero-ovarian vascular architecture was determined and resistance artery diameters were measured in each animal by video microscopy. Servo-null intravascular pressure measurements were made throughout the uteroovarian arterial network in 11 of the animals. Architectural data showed a complex anastomotic network jointly supplying the uterus and ovary. Resistance arteries showed a high degree of coiling and close apposition to veins, maximizing countercurrent-exchange capabilities. Arterial pressure dropped below 60% of systemic arterial pressure before the arteries entered the ovary. Both the ovarian artery and the uterine artery, which jointly feed the ovary, showed cycle day-dependent changes in diameter. Arterial diameters were smallest on the day following ovulation, during the brief luteal phase of the hamster. The data show that resistance arteries comprise a critical part of a complex network designed for intimate local communication and control and suggest that these arteries may play an important role in regulating ovarian blood flow in an estrous cycle-specific manner.

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“…Although there were no histological differences between the CLs of the PRL-only treatment group and PRL plus eCG treatment group in the present study, it is possible that eCG affected luteal blood flow, vascularity or vascular permeability and resulted in an increased plasma P4 concentration. Greenwald reported that the size and vascularity of the CL is enhanced in hypophysectomized hamsters when small doses of LH are given along with the luteotropic complex of PRL and FSH [9], and FSH or LH administration increases ovarian steroid hormone secretion without blood flow change in the cyclic hamster [22]. The present results show that the effects of pituitary hormones on the CL in the estrous cycle are luteotropic and support the concept that luteal regression during the estrous cycle is due to the lack of luteotropic stimulation rather than to the direct effect of a luteolytic factor in the hamster.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Prolactin and Gonadotropin on Luteal Function and Morphology in the Cyclic Golden Hamster

Kon

Kishi

Arai

et al. 2008

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. The present study was conducted to evaluate the endocrinological effects of the pituitary on luteal maintenance and regression in the cyclic golden hamster (Mesocritus auratus). After hypophysectomy (Hypox) at 0900 h on day 1 of the estrous cycle (the day of ovulation), the animals received injection of prolactin (PRL) or PRL plus equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). They were decapitated at 1500 h on day 3 of the cycle, and trunk blood was collected for measurement of progesterone (P4). Corpora lutea (CLs) were dissected from one ovary for DNA ladder detection by electrophoresis, determination of DNA fragmentation ratio by fluorometric measurement method and measurement of P4. The other ovary was used for histological observation. After the Hypox, the daily injection of 1 mg ovine PRL restrained the DNA fragmentation ratio and number of apoptotic cell in the CLs. The PRL treatment maintained the luteal morphology and increased the luteal P4 concentration, but not in the plasma P4 concentration. In addition to PRL, injection of 2 IU eCG after the Hypox also restrained the DNA fragmentation ratio and number of apoptotic cells in the CLs to the level of a pregnant animal. The PRL plus eCG treatment maintained the luteal morphology in the same manner as the PRL only treatment and increased not only the luteal but also the plasma P4 concentration. These results suggest that PRL restrains luteal apoptosis and maintains luteal morphology and that the combination of PRL and eCG restrains not only structural but also functional luteal regression in the cyclic hamster. Key words: Apoptosis, Corpus luteum, Golden hamster (Mesocritus auratus), Hypophysectomy, Prolactin (PRL) (J. Reprod. Dev. 54: [418][419][420][421][422][423] 2008) he corpus luteum (CL) is a transient endocrine organ required for normal pregnancy in mammals. The most important function of the CL is to secrete progesterone (P4). If pregnancy does not occur, the CL must regress to allow initiation of a new reproductive cycle. Luteal function and structure are regulated by luteotropic and luteolytic hormones. Luteotropic hormones maintain and activate the CL, and luteolytic hormones lead the CL to regression. Whereas the factors regulating follicle development, ovulation and luteinization are common to many mammalian species, the luteotropic and luteolytic factors are different between species [1-3].The estrous cycle of the golden hamster lasts exactly 4 days (day 1=ovulation day), and the functional life span of the CL is limited to the first 2 days of the cycle. Serum P4 levels decrease drastically at the end of day 2 (functional luteal regression) [4]. Following functional regression, the CL shows signs of structural regression on day 3 of the cycle and vanishes by the next ovulation [5,6]. This rapidity of structural regression is a feature of hamster luteolysis. In the rat, although the functional life span of the CL is about 2 days as in the hamster, the luteal structure persists for 3-4 cycles [1,3]. This difference suggests that the regul...

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Cyclic Changes in Utero-Ovarian Blood Flow and Ovarian Hormone Secretion in the Hamster: Effects of Adrenocorticotropin, Luteinizing Hormone, and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone*

Cited by 24 publications

References 23 publications

Compartmentalized Mast Cell Degranulations in the Ovarian Hilum, Fat Pad, Bursa and Blood Vessel Regions of the Cyclic Hamster: Relationships to Ovarian Histamine and Blood Flow

Compartmentalized Mast Cell Degranulations in the Ovarian Hilum, Fat Pad, Bursa and Blood Vessel Regions of the Cyclic Hamster: Relationships to Ovarian Histamine and Blood Flow

Intravascular pressure and diameter profile of the utero-ovarian resistance artery network: estrous cycle-dependent modulation of resistance artery tone

The Effects of Prolactin and Gonadotropin on Luteal Function and Morphology in the Cyclic Golden Hamster

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