Cyclic mechanical stress suppresses myogenic differentiation of adult bovine satellite cells through activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase

Abstract

Mechanical stress leads to satellite cell activation, which is an important event in the development, growth, and remodeling of postnatal skeletal muscle. Although there is a considerable knowledge on the events involved in skeletal muscle regeneration and development, the precise role of mechanical stress on activation of satellite cells remains unclear. Previously, satellite cells were isolated from adult bovine muscle and it was shown that the cells are multipotent, i.e., capable of proliferating and to differentiating into both myoblasts and adipocytes. This study investigated the cellular mechanisms by which cyclic mechanical stretching modulates the proliferation and differentiation of adult bovine satellite cells. The application of cyclic stretch induced the proliferation of satellite cells and inhibited their differentiation into myotubes. This response is believed to be closely related to the stretch-mediated changes in the expression of myogenic and cell cycle regulatory factors. Cyclic stretching increased the level of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, whereas a specific ERK inhibitor (PD98058) blocked the stretch-mediated inhibition of myogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, this study demonstrates for the first time that cyclic mechanical stretch induces the proliferation of bovine satellite cells and suppresses their myogenic differentiation through the activation of ERK.

Effects of a combined mechanical stimulation protocol: Value for skeletal muscle tissue engineering

“…This points to a decrease in maturation level of the cells, in accordance with other studies (Kook et al, 2008a(Kook et al, , 2008bAtherton et al, 2009), but at odds with observations made when using continuous dynamic stretch (Vandenburgh and Karlisch, 1989;Moon du et al, 2008). These different observations suggest that the choice of protocol largely influences the outcome of mechanical stimulation studies.…”

“…Of all tissue types exposed to mechanical stimuli in vivo, skeletal muscle shows the most obvious and rapid response to altered load, with hypertrophy after strength-training programmes, and atrophy in the absence of adequate mechanical stimulation (Benjamin and Hillen, 2003). Stretch also causes muscle hypertrophy in in vitro cultures (Vandenburgh and Karlisch, 1989), improves functionality of engineered muscle tissue (Moon du et al, 2008), and increases myoblast proliferation, while it suppresses differentiation (Kook et al, 2008a(Kook et al, , 2008b. Furthermore, a uniaxial ramp stretch facilitates myotube alignment (Vandenburgh and Karlisch, 1989).…”

Impact of a Mechanical Massage on Gene Expression Profile and Lipid Mobilization in Female Gluteofemoral Adipose Tissue

“…There are several reports on the effects of mechanical stimuli on differentiation in cell lineages derived from mesenchymal stem cells [34,45,46] while reports on adipogenesis are rare. Mechanical stretching has been shown to inhibit adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells [34] and of human preadipocyte cell line, SGBS [45].…”

Conditions that promote primary human skeletal myoblast culture and muscle differentiation in vitro

“…Mechanical conditioning, or stretch, is an important physiological stimulus that has been applied to skeletal myofiber cultures to mimic in vivo exercise (4,23,26,34). The duration and percentage of strain modulate the effects on muscle in vitro: 10% strain at 1 Hz for 1 h alternated with 23 h of relaxation effectively inhibited differentiation and promoted myoblast proliferation (18), while 10% strain at 0.5 Hz for 1 h alternated with 5 h of relaxation induced myoblast differentiation (45). The latter cyclic stretch regimen has been used to effectively accelerate the differentiation timeline for our twodimensional C2C12 and HSkM cultures.…”