Cyclic Nucleotides and Related Variables in Urolithiasis

Schwille, P. O.; Scholz, D.; Engelhardt, W; Schwille, K.; Schreiber, B. Charlotte; Goldberg, I. J. L.; Sigel, A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-8977-4_134

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Risk factors include hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, low urinary citrate concentration, and alkaline urine [12][13][14]. In our series, urolithiasis or nephrocalcinosis was present in at least 72% of our patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Primary hyperparathyroidism in Taiwan: clinical features and prevalence in a single-center experience

Chen

2010

Endocr

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In Taiwan, urolithiasis remains a common manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). We designed this study to estimate the prevalence of PHPT in asymptomatic adults and to assess the complications already present when the disease was diagnosed. In the first phase of the study, we retrospectively reviewed 50 patients diagnosed with surgically or biochemically proven PHPT between April 1995 and April 2007. In the second phase, we reviewed the records of 4,359 asymptomatic subjects who had undergone a health examination between August 2002 and January 2007. Of the 50 patients reviewed in the first phase, hypercalcemia was the presenting complication in 33 patients (64%) followed by symptomatic recurrent solitary urolithiasis in 10 patients (20%). Of the 43 patients who underwent urologic imaging, 29 (67%) had urolithiasis and 7 (16%) had nephrocalcinosis, indicating that urinary stone disease is common. In the second phase, 28 of the 4,359 asymptomatic adults (0.64%) were found to have hypercalcemia; of these 28, 4 (0.092%) were diagnosed with PHPT. In Taiwan, PHPT remains underdiagnosed, and complications manifest in most patients upon admission. Although still relatively uncommon, screening serum calcium levels helps diagnose PHPT at an asymptomatic stage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Primary hyperparathyroidism in Taiwan: clinical features and prevalence in a single-center experience

Chen

2010

Endocr

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“…Some NAPL can then reach the water table of unconfined aquifer depending on the size of the mass released and hydrogeological conditions. Light NAPL (LNAPL), which is lighter than water, generally stagnates as a continuous mass of NAPL (LNAPL pool) at the water table and migrates along a hydrological gradient, and whereas dense NAPL (DNAPL), which is denser than water, penetrates below the water table, migrates downwards through an aquifer, and may form a DNAPL pool above some impermeable layers (Schwille, 1975(Schwille, , 1981(Schwille, , 1988. At the same time, some NAPLs leave a trail of immobile NAPL (residual NAPL), which is trapped in pores by capillary forces (Schwille, 1975(Schwille, , 1981(Schwille, , 1988.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…NAPL migration in the subsurface is affected by: (1) volume of NAPL released, (2) area of infiltration, (3) duration of release, (4) properties of the NAPL, (5) properties of the media, and (6) subsurface flow conditions (Feenstra and Cherry, 1988 as quoted in Mercer and Cohen, 1990). With respect to NAPL vertical migration, Schwille (1975Schwille ( , 1981Schwille ( , 1988 reported that DNAPL penetrates a water table as described above. However, Hirata & Muraoka (1988) re-ported by one-dimensional experiments that some portion of the TCE remained above the water table.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Hunt et al (1988) suggested on theoretical consideration that residual NAPL in pores would not be moved under normal groundwater flow conditions. Schwille (1975Schwille ( , 1981 showed that LNAPL lying on a water and some was trapped (Schwille, 1981). Pantazidou & Sitar (1993) showed that when the water (Faust, 1985, Osbone & Sykes, 1986Kuppusamy et al, 1987;Faust et al, 1989;Kia, 1991;Kueper & Frind, 1991a, 1991bKaluarachchi & Parker, 1992), and the latter type considers the interfacial mass transfer processes (Abriola & Pinder, 1985a, 1985bPinder & Abriola, 1986;Sleep & Sykes, 1993a, 1993b.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Experimental Study of Two-dimensional Migration and Distribution of Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid in Unsaturated and Saturated Porous Media

Ishii

Furuichi

Tanaka

2001

Journal of Groundwater Hydrology

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To elucidate the two-dimensional migration and distribution of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in soils, downward migration and lateral spreading of pure 1,1,1trichloroethane (TCA) and toluene through a layer of glass beads was observed. In particular, the behavior of both fluids in the unsaturated zone and in the vicinity of a water table was investigated, by considering mass balances (residual NAPL distributions, dissolution and volatilization). In a 24-hour experiment, about 21 % to 24 % of TCA (50 mL) volatilized, 0.4 to 2 % dissolved, and about 75 % remained as pure liquid in the layer of glass beads. In a 24-hour experiment, about 5 % of toluene (50 mL) volatilized, 0.02 to 0.2 % dissolved, and about 95 % remained as pure liquid. The amount of pure TCA remaining above a water table (in the unsaturated zone and saturated capillary zone), which apparently acts as a barrier for NAPL infiltration, reached 30 to 48 %. Lateral spreading of pure TCA above the water table was found to be very small and negligible. A further experiment simulating groundwater fluctuations suggested that pure toluene, even if its migration has stopped, would be transported downgradient again when a water table falls.

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