Cyclic Triaxial Strength of Standard Test Sand

Silver, Marshall L.; Chan, C. K.; Ladd, Richard S.; Lee, Kenneth L.; Tiedemann, Drew A.; Townsend, Frank C.; Valera, Julio E.; Wilson, James H.

doi:10.1061/ajgeb6.0000272

Cited by 48 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…In the laboratory (Fischer et al, 1976;Silver et al, 1976), samples can be conditioned under a state of stress representative of in situ conditions before an earthquake or storm. This is done in either a triaxial cell or simple shear device.…”

Section: Pore-water Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Submarine Mass Movements on Continental Margins

Lee

Locat

Desgagnés

et al. 2007

Continental Margin Sedimentation

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Submarine landslides can be important mechanisms for transporting sediment down sloping seabeds. They occur when stresses acting downslope exceed the available strength of the seabed sediments. Landslides occur preferentially in particular environments, including fjords, active river deltas, submarine canyons, volcanic islands and, to a lesser extent, the open continental slope. Evaluating the relative stability of different seabeds requires an understanding of driving stresses and sediment strength. Stresses can be caused by gravity, earthquakes and storm waves. Resisting strength can be reduced by pore water and gas pressures, groundwater seepage, rapid sediment deposition, cyclic loading and human activity. Once slopes have become unstable or have failed, strength may continue to decrease, leading to sediment debris flows and possibly turbidity currents. Recent submarine landslide research has: shown that landslides and sediment waves may generate similar deposits, which require careful interpretation; expanded our knowledge of how strength develops in marine sediment; improved techniques for predicting sediment rheology; and developed methodologies for mapping and predicting the medium-to large-scale regional occurrence of submarine landslides.

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Section: Pore-water Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Submarine Mass Movements on Continental Margins

Lee

Locat

Desgagnés

et al. 2007

Continental Margin Sedimentation

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“…Along with this stand the observations that uncompacted samples prepared by air pluviation typically have the lowest undrained cyclic strength, whereas samples made by moist tamping have been shown to endure more cycles until liquefaction [26,36,37,40,45]. Ladd [19,20] reported, that the differences between the results depend on 1. differences in grain and interparticle contact orientations, 2. different variations of void ratio (dry unit weight) within specimens and 3. segregation of particles.…”

Section: |X|| = √mentioning

confidence: 77%

Influence of recent and long-lasting loading history on the cyclic behaviour of sand: confrontation of novel experimental results and established constitutive laws

Knittel

Tafili

Tavera

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The design of massive dump slopes for opencast mines usually requires information about the soil resistance to liquefaction during earthquakes. This resistance depends not only on the initial stress, the initial density, and the amplitude of the cyclic loading, but also on the preshearing, that is, the deviatoric stress path applied to the soil before the cycling loading. To explore the influence of preshearing on the subsequent soil behaviour, a set of triaxial tests with a combination of undrained preshearing and drained stress cycles using two sample preparation methods is presented. It is shown that the preshearing as well as the preparation method have a mayor influence on the strain accumulation upon cyclic loading. Simulations of the experiments with four advanced constitutive models reveal that neither the long-lasting effect of preshearing nor the preparation method can adequately be captured by all of the models. This deficiency of the constitutive models can lead to unsafe designs due to the overestimation of the cyclic resistance to liquefaction and to the underestimation of long term settlements.

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“…As summarized in the literature review section of the paper, many experimental studies on sands have been related to the study of liquefaction of saturated sands. Most of the early studies on sand liquefaction have involved use of cyclic triaxial testing on saturated sand samples under a harmonic deviatoric stress (e.g., Seed and Lee, 1966;Silver et al, 1976;Evans, 1993;Azeiteiro et al, 2017). The early use of uniform sinusoidal load cycles required approximating the complex earthquake field loading conditions to an equivalent number of uniform load cycles (e.g., Seed et al, 1975;Annaki and Lee, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Dissipated Energy as a Failure Predictor for Uniform Sands under Constant Volume Cyclic Simple Shear Loading

et al. 2021

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An experimental study was performed to investigate the dissipated energy to failure of sand samples subjected to uniform and non-uniform cyclic simple shear loading. The hypothesis evaluated was that for a given initial sample state the specific dissipated energy required to reach failure should be reasonably constant independent of the type of stress-time history used in the testing. Test samples consisted of dry Ottawa sand prepared at nine different initial states that were subjected to different stress controlled cyclic horizontal shear loading waveforms that included 15 uniform sinusoidal waves and up to 33 non-uniform loading wave forms. The experimental program presented showed that the measured cumulative dissipated specific energy to failure, defined when the double amplitude shear strain reaches 7.5%, for the different sample initial states was reasonably constant but with coefficients of variation ranging between 13 to 44%. As expected, the cumulative dissipated energy increased with increasing initial stress level and relative density. The findings support the notion that specific dissipated energy can be used as a reasonable failure predictor for uniform dry sands based on their initial state and are independent of the type of cyclic simple shear loading waveform using in the testing.Dissipated energy to failure Cyclic simple shear Irregular cyclic loading Cyclic behavior Hysteresis

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Cyclic Triaxial Strength of Standard Test Sand

Cited by 48 publications

References 0 publications

Submarine Mass Movements on Continental Margins

Submarine Mass Movements on Continental Margins

Influence of recent and long-lasting loading history on the cyclic behaviour of sand: confrontation of novel experimental results and established constitutive laws

Specific Dissipated Energy as a Failure Predictor for Uniform Sands under Constant Volume Cyclic Simple Shear Loading

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