Cyclic Water Flooding the Spraberry Utilizes "End Effects" to Increase Oil Production Rate

Elkins, Lincoln F.; Skov, Arlie M.

doi:10.2118/545-pa

Cited by 37 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…2. 16. If utiactured core is compared with fractured core at the same injection rate of 0.2 cc/hr, brine displaces oil in a piston-like process in the unfractured core with an ultimate recovery of about 55% IOIP at the production end.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Reservoir Characterization and Evaluation of CO{sub 2} Gravity Drainage in the Naturally Fractured Spraberry Trend Area, Class III

Knight¹,

Schechter²

2001

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Reservoir Characterization and Evaluation of CO{sub 2} Gravity Drainage in the Naturally Fractured Spraberry Trend Area, Class III

Knight¹,

Schechter²

2001

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“…These volumes are based primarily on the Midkiff Tracer Test and water breakthrough response 6 . This results in a fracture porosity of 0.04 to 0.08%.…”

Section: Fracture Porosity Aperture and Fracture Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Failure of waterflooding in Spraberry has been attributed to the low matrix permeability and extensive fracturing 1 . Many studies have been conducted to understand the Spraberry fracture characteristics [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Fracture Model for Spraberry Field, Texas USA.

Baker¹,

Rupam²,

Schechter³

et al. 2001

Proceedings of SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition

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TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractThe development of a naturally fractured reservoir (NFR) requires not only the assessment of fracture spacing, aperture width, fracture permeability, etc. (i.e., a fracture model), but also requires the input of a representative geological model. Yet development of a fracture model is difficult in most naturally fractured reservoirs due to the inability to directly sample the fractures and the scale effects, or implications, of the modeled fractures. Integration of data is even more critical in naturally fractured reservoirs, compared to conventional matrix dominated reservoirs because high permeability fracture 'highways' can dominate reservoir performance. Although the Spraberry field was discovered as early as 1949, and therefore has a long production history, the nature of the fracture system in the Spraberry field is still not completely understood.Over the last seven years, interference, step rate, inter-well tracer, salt tracer, buildup tests, fall-off tests, horizontal core, discrete fracture modeling, outcrop analyses, fracture logs, production tests and profile logging data have been integrated to show the nature of the Spraberry fracture system. This paper discusses the development of a composite fracture model for Spraberry. The Spraberry fracture system has been shown to be heterogeneous and composed of three components. The first component of the fracture network is a system of very long (~1000 ft) fractures in which fluid can travel at high velocities. A second fracture system, pervasive throughout the reservoir, exists where short, relatively discontinuous fractures (~20 ft), act as a background. And finally, the third component is comprised of the low permeability matrix. In order to maximize recovery and understand production profiles, one must understand and effectively integrate all three components.The long, well connected, fracture system controls the initial flow distribution (i.e., dictates where injected fluids go first) in the reservoir. In any short-term tracer or production test (< 1 month) this system will totally dominate the response. However, with continued water injection water begins to invade the secondary (smaller discontinuous fractures) fracture system. Subsequent to the depletion of the high permeability fractures, the average fracture spacing, imbibition rate and matrix permeability become controlling elements to the production profile and recovery factors. Pressure transient tests, such as interference or buildup tests, can be used to determine the average permeability of the discontinuous fractures, the matrix, plus the more continuous fractures.The large amount of data in this case allows us to characterize naturally fractured reservoirs using geological static data (core, fracture log and outcrop) and dynamic engineering dynamic data (tracer analysis, production data, as well as pressure transient data. Both build-up tests and multi-well interference tests are presented in this paper. The information from this reservoi...

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“…The Spraberry Trend was once deemed "The largest uneconomic field in the world," with reservoirs that contained some 10 billion Bbls OOIP of which less than 10% has been recovered today. The Spraberry Trend Area produces nearly 60,000 bopd from more than 7,500 wells and has produced some 700 million barrels of oil [11][12][13][14][15][16] .…”

Section: Case Study 2: the Spraberry Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reservoir Characterization for Naturally Fractured Reservoirs

Baker¹,

Kuppe²

2000

Proceedings of SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition

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TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractReservoir characterization and simulation modeling of naturally fractured reservoirs (NFRs) presents unique challenges that differentiate it from conventional, single porosity continuum reservoirs. Not only do the intrinsic characteristics of the fractures, as well as the matrix, have to be characterized, but the interaction between matrix and fractures must also be modeled accurately.Three field case studies have been evaluated combining the "forward" modeling approach, typically used by geoscientists, with "inverse" techniques, usually incorporated by reservoir engineers. The forward approach examines various causes of natural fractures and its' associated properties (e.g. fracture spacing, height, stress distribution, etc.) while the inverse approach focuses more on the effect created by the NFR (e.g. decline analysis, material balance, productivity, etc.).This study shows how a more powerful methodology is created, for the evaluation of naturally fractured reservoirs, when combining two techniques that have, historically, been applied in relative isolation.

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Cyclic Water Flooding the Spraberry Utilizes "End Effects" to Increase Oil Production Rate

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Advanced Reservoir Characterization and Evaluation of CO{sub 2} Gravity Drainage in the Naturally Fractured Spraberry Trend Area, Class III

Advanced Reservoir Characterization and Evaluation of CO{sub 2} Gravity Drainage in the Naturally Fractured Spraberry Trend Area, Class III

Development of a Fracture Model for Spraberry Field, Texas USA.

Reservoir Characterization for Naturally Fractured Reservoirs

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