Cyclical labor costs within jobs

Schaefer, Daniel; Singleton, Carl

doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2019.103317

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…We draw on a vast body of research that uses this modeling framework to study unemployment through the behavior of worker transitions between employment and nonemployment states. 2 In our model, in addition to unemployment and nonparticipation, workers can be in fulltime or part-time employment in a private-sector paid position. 3 This specification allows us to separate out fluctuations in the part-time employment share driven by changes within employment and changes between employment and nonemployment states.…”

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confidence: 99%

Employment Adjustment and Part-Time Work: Lessons from the United States and the United Kingdom

Borowczyk-Martins

Lalé

2019

American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics

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We document that fluctuations in part-time employment play a major role in movements in hours per worker during cyclical swings in the labor market. Building on this result, we develop a stock-flow framework to describe the dynamics of part-time employment. The evolution of part-time employment is predominantly explained by cyclical changes in transitions between full-time and part-time employment. Those transitions occur overwhelmingly at the same employer, entail sizable changes in individual working hours and are associated with an increase in involuntary part-time work. Our findings provide a novel understanding of the cyclical dynamics of labor adjustment on the intensive margin. (JEL E24, E32, J22, J23)

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confidence: 99%

Employment Adjustment and Part-Time Work: Lessons from the United States and the United Kingdom

Borowczyk-Martins

Lalé

2019

American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics

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“…The spread of part-time work results from an increasing supply of this type of work arrangement, providing workers more flexibility in balancing family and work life. Additionally, the tertiarisation of the economy and firms' rising desire for organisational flexibility constitute demand-side factors explaining the increase in part-time and other forms of flexible work (Buddelmeyer et al, 2008;Boeri, 2010;Euwals and Hogerbrugge, 2004;Visser, 2002), especially after the Great Recession, when firms reacted with substantial wage cuts and recruited more parttime workers (Schaefer and Singleton, 2019). Part-time contracts can be considered beneficial if they remain a free individual choice.…”

Section: Literature: An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Part time jobs, fragmentation and work instability: light on the gender gap in Emilia-Romagna

Bosco,

Valeriani

2023

IJM

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate if, given personal, supply-related features, and labour demand-related variables, there is a difference in the share of women finding more stable jobs with respect to men, in an eight-year time span.Design/methodology/approachFragmentation leads to a lower probability of transitioning into more certain, full-time work positions. The authors analyse a rich cohort of dependent workers in Emilia-Romagna to investigate whether part-time jobs lead to full-time jobs in a “stepping-stone” fashion and whether this happens with the same probability for men and women. The focus is on the cost of part-time jobs rather than the contrast between permanent and temporary jobs, as often observed in the literature. The authors also evaluate the transition between part-time job formulae and open-ended work arrangements to determine whether women's transition to full-fledged, stable work positions is slightly rarer than their male counterparts. Even if the authors allow for the fact that part-time contracts can be a choice and not an obligation, these contracts generate more flexibility in managing the equilibrium between private and work life and create more uncertainty than full-time contracts because of the fragmentation associated with these arrangements.FindingsThe authors find that women have a more fragmented working career than men, in that they hold more contracts than men in the same time span; moreover, the authors find that part-time jobs act more as bottlenecks for women than for men.Originality/valueThe authors use a large administrative dataset with over 600,000 workers observed in the 2008–2015 time span, in Emilia Romagna, Italy. The authors can disentangle the number of contracts per worker and observe individual, anonymise personal features, that the authors consider in the authors' propensity score estimate. The authors ran a robustness check of the PSM estimates through coarsened exact matching (CEM).

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“…An additional consideration concerns labour mobility. While there were relatively mild reductions in total employment during the Great Recession, there were increased hires of p/t employees as well as hours' reductions attached to entry-level jobs (Schaefer & Singleton, 2019). We examine the role of reduced overtime in such arrangements by testing the association of weekly overtime hours between job stayers and job changers.…”

Section: F I G U R E 1 0 Percentage Of Employees Covered By a Collect...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The decline of paid overtime working in Britain

Bell

Hart

2022

Brit J Industrial Rel

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The share of paid-for overtime hours within total paidfor hours worked in Britain has declined from 5.4% to 2.0% between 1997 and 2020. We investigate this decline, focussing on its distribution across full-time (f/t) and part-time males and females and across 19 one-digit industries. It is established that f/t males are dominant in the decline both of overtime working and overtime hours. We explore the implications of the decline on the share of overtime pay within total pay as well as on the gender pay gap. We test for economic, structural and cyclical influences on overtime working via a two-part regression model that allows us to differentiate between the incidence of overtime working and weekly overtime hours of overtime employees. We examine how paid-for overtime has varied with collective bargaining coverage, low pay, the 2008 financial crisis, the arrival of Covid-19, job mobility and the public/private sector dichotomy.Combined marginal effects of changes in the incidence of overtime working and weekly overtime hours are also provided. The influence of the decline of collective bargaining in the last two decades on overtime working is highlighted using Blinder-Oaxaca decompositions.

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Cyclical labor costs within jobs

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Employment Adjustment and Part-Time Work: Lessons from the United States and the United Kingdom

Employment Adjustment and Part-Time Work: Lessons from the United States and the United Kingdom

Part time jobs, fragmentation and work instability: light on the gender gap in Emilia-Romagna

The decline of paid overtime working in Britain

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