Cyclical variation in the incidence of childhood‐onset type 1 diabetes during 40 years in Navarra (Spain)

Abstract

The incidence of T1D in Navarre has increased 4-fold in the last four decades but is stable since 2001.

Incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus in Ireland remains high but no longer rising

“…This stabilisation and reduction of the incidence of T1DM in Ireland is similar to that of other high incidence countries 1–3,8 . Perhaps, the underlying environmental precipitants of T1DM in our population have passed or reached saturation and the incidence has reached its peak.…”

“…In Ireland, the highest rates of T1DM have been predominately in the older 10–14 year age category to date 4,9 . This trend was seen in a number of other high incidence countries, such as Norway, 2 Australia, 10 Spain 1 and Canada, 11 while others report the highest increases in children aged under 5 years, such as Poland, 6 Hungary 12 and Romania 13 . Recent research has shown that countries with a lower overall incidence rates of T1DM have had a faster rise in T1DM incidence particularly in children aged under 5 years 12,13 .…”

“…A number of high incidence countries, notably Spain, Norway, Sweden, Ireland and Finland, have reported a stabilisation or slowing of their incidence rates (IR), 1–5 while other countries particularly in central and eastern Europe who had lower IR 6,7 reported continued increases. The IR in Finnish children decreased from 57.9/100,000/year to 52.2/100,000/year between 2003/6 and 2015/2018 5 .…”

ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Definition, epidemiology, and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents

“…[94][95][96][97]100 Factors underlying geographical differences in the incidence of childhood T1D remain poorly understood. 101,102 Overall, there is no significant difference in the incidence of childhood T1D by sex, [103][104][105] although a slightly higher incidence has been reported in boys in some moderate-high incidence populations. 90,106 However, above the age of 15 years, there is a male preponderance in T1D incidence.…”

“…Overall, there is no significant difference in the incidence of childhood T1D by sex, 103–105 although a slightly higher incidence has been reported in boys in some moderate‐high incidence populations 90,106 . However, above the age of 15 years, there is a male preponderance in T1D incidence 107 …”