Cyclin D1 Expression in Ectomesenchymal Chondromyxoid Tumor of the Anterior Tongue

Abstract

Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor (ECT) is a rare benign tumor of uncertain lineage, which almost exclusively affects the anterior tongue. Herein, we report 2 cases of ECT occurring in 58- and 56-year-old males on the right and on the left side of the dorsum of the anterior tongue, measuring 18 mm and 10 mm, respectively. Despite positive resection margin in one case, none of the tumors recurred during follow-up of 6 and 5 years. Microscopically, both tumors had lobular architecture with a mixture of solid, microcystic, and chondromyxoid areas. The tumor cells were polygonal or elongated and showed mild atypia in one case. Immunohistochemically, both tumors showed diffuse expression of vimentin and focal positivity of CD10 and of smooth muscle actin. Regarding neural tissue-related markers, there was nearly diffuse expression of CD56 and neuron-specific enolase and focal positivity of PGP 9.5 in both cases and variable expression of CD57, synaptophysin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S-100 protein. Interestingly, we observed diffuse expression of SOX10 in one case. In both tumors, diffuse strong nuclear expression of cyclin D1 was present, without CCND1/IGH translocation or CCND1 amplification. The EWSR1 gene rearrangement was not detected. To the best of our knowledge, expression of SOX10, which may support neural crest origin of this peculiar lesion, has not been reported in ECT. The significance of strong cyclin D1 expression remains to be further investigated.

Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor: a comprehensive updated review of the literature and case report

“…Yoshioka et al 24 were able to confirm the origin of ECT in ectomesenchymal cells derived from neural crest by demonstrating the expression of homeobox protein-transcription factor (Nanog), GFAP and microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2) in cell cultures and positivity for octamer binding protein 3/4 (OCT3/4), transcription factor Sox2, Nanog, MAP2 and CD 105mRNAs in real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Moreover, with immunohistochemical methods, Laco et al 30 showed expression of transcription factor Sox10 in one of their two cases, so supporting the proposed neural crest theory.…”

“…However, stimulated by previous genetic examinations on soft tissue myoepithelial tumors 35 Argyris et al 29 successfully demonstrated rearrangement or gain of Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) in 3 of 11 and 8 of 9 ECTs, respectively, whereas Laco et al 30 failed to find an EWSR1 rearrangement in two such tumors.…”

Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor with a significant proliferative index: A case report

“…However, as in previous studies, the present tumor was positive for S100 and GFAP, 4,6,7,12,15,19,23,26,27 demonstrating an origin from the neural crest, as well as for CD10, 28 NSE 20,29 and cyclin D1. 4,17,28 Regarding this last protein, strong nuclear ex-pression was detected, but no translocation of CCND1/IGH or amplification of the CCND1 gene was found. 28 No CD56 staining was observed, which is in agreement with a previous study 21 that reported a variable expression of this marker in its cases.…”

“…4,17,28 Regarding this last protein, strong nuclear ex-pression was detected, but no translocation of CCND1/IGH or amplification of the CCND1 gene was found. 28 No CD56 staining was observed, which is in agreement with a previous study 21 that reported a variable expression of this marker in its cases. An interesting finding of the present case was the high proliferative index identified by Ki-67 staining.…”

Analysis of DNA methylation and microRNA expression in NUT (nuclear protein in testis) midline carcinoma of the sinonasal tract: a clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular genetic study

“…All NUT-positive tumors detected by IHC were further tested for NUT gene rearrangement. FISH was performed as previously described [17,18]. Briefly, 4-μm-thick section was routinely deparaffinized, incubated in the Heat Pretreatment Solution Citric (pH 6.0) (ZytoVision GmbH, Bremerhaven, Germany) for 15 min at 98 °C and digested in protease solution with Pepsin Solution (ZytoVision) at 37 °C for 5 min.…”