Cycling for transport and public health: a systematic review of the effect of the environment on cycling

Fraser, Simon; Lock, Karen

doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckq145

Cited by 317 publications

(227 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This replication also suggests the relevance of our approach of using the local density of cycling infrastructure as a meaningful basis for assessing socioeconomic barriers to cycling participation. Nevertheless, as discussed elsewhere, more high quality prospective studies are needed to provide a robust assessment of the impact of building cycling infrastructure upon cycling behavior (Pucher et al, 2010b, Fraser and Lock, 2011, Yang et al, 2010.…”

Section: Implications Of the Study With Respect To Cycling Infrastrucmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One recent research focus concerns the role of cycling infrastructure in supporting increased cycling rates. Although some causal effect of infrastructure upon cycling participation rates is probable, reliance on cross-sectional studies, small before-and-after studies and stated preference surveys means that the underlying evidence base is relatively weak (Fraser and Lock, 2011, Pucher et al, 2010b, Yang et al, 2010. The historical origins of cycling policy in Melbourne may offer an unusual opportunity to contribute to this debate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The link between socioeconomic position, access to cycling infrastructure and cycling participation rates: An ecological study in Melbourne, Australia

Pistoll

Goodman

2014

Journal of Transport & Health

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Objective: Promoting cycling has moved up the policy agenda in recent years, but debate still exists surrounding the role played by socioeconomic barriers to participation in low cycling countries. This ecological study aimed to examine whether there are systematic socioeconomic disparities in access to cycling infrastructure and investment in Melbourne, Australia. Methods:We used Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques to measure the density of on-road, off-road and informal cycling routes in 58 neighbourhoods of inner Melbourne. We examined whether small-area socioeconomic indicators were associated with the density of these three types of cycling infrastructure or with local government spending on cycling. We additionally examined how small-area socio-economic position and infrastructure density were associated with the prevalence of cycling to work in the 2011 census. Results:The density of on-and off-road cycling infrastructure was positively associated with cycle modal share (both p<0.0001), and there was no evidence that the strength of this association differed between the two infrastructure types. The density of informal routes was not associated with cycling to work. There was no evidence that small-area socioeconomic position was systematically associated with the presence of on-road or quiet roads cycling infrastructure or with levels of investment. Levels of off-road infrastructure were somewhat higher in richer areas (r=0.32, p=0.02), although much of this was located in parkland and may have a predominant recreational function. Conclusion:In Melbourne, cycling infrastructure is positively correlated with cycle prevalence and is generally distributed equitably with respect to area-level socioeconomic position. In part this reflects the high levels of cycling infrastructure and spending in some relatively disadvantaged areas. Further studies that seek to understand the drivers behind successful policies in these areas may provide lessons for other areas, and aid our understanding of the complex relationships between cycling infrastructure, cycling behavior and socioeconomic position.

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Section: Implications Of the Study With Respect To Cycling Infrastrucmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The link between socioeconomic position, access to cycling infrastructure and cycling participation rates: An ecological study in Melbourne, Australia

Pistoll

Goodman

2014

Journal of Transport & Health

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“…Other studies have shown the positive effect of environmental changes on commuting behavior 12,13,14,15 . However, a large share of the evidence comes from studies in high-income countries, which may not represent the urban and sociocultural characteristics of lower-income countries like those of Latin America 3,6,7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Characteristics of the environmental microscale and walking and bicycling for transportation among adults in Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil

et al. 2018

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The aim of this study was to analyze the association between the characteristics of the built and social and environmental microscale and walking and bicycling for transportation in adults in Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was performed in 2009 with a household survey that included 1,419 adults. Objective evaluation of environment was performed on the resident’s street segments, using an instrument for systematic observation consisting of six dimensions: “land use”, “public transportation”, “streetscape”, “conditions and aesthetics”, “places for walking and bicycling”, and “social environment”. The score for each dimension was obtained as the sum of positive items related to physical activity. The items for “public transportation” (≥ 1 items) and “places for walking and bicycling on the streets” (≥ 3 items) were dichotomized, while the scores for the other items were classified in tertiles. Walking and bicycling for transportation were assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The data were analyzed using multilevel Poisson regression. Medium “streetscape” score was inversely associated with walking ≥ 150min/week (PR = 0.60; 95%CI: 0.40-0.91; VPC = 12%) and bicycling (PR = 0.54; 95%CI: 0.29-0.99; VPC = 60%). In conclusion, only “streetscape” was associated with walking and bicycling for transportation in adults.

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“…Therefore, another criterion in guidelines for systematic reviews is that authors of literature reviews should search for grey literature [33,41,55]. However, with few exceptions [14,15,38,56,57], reviews on environments and physical activity only included articles from peer-reviewed journals. Sources of grey literature could be found through databases such as PsycEXTRA (http://www.apa.org/psycextra), Open Grey (http://www.…”

Section: Publication Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main findings were that reviews inappropriately claimed to be systematic, did not provide important methodological information, omitted large numbers of relevant studies, and reported some study results incorrectly [9]. Since then, hundreds of primary studies and dozens of literature reviews about environments and physical activity have been published [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Many of the new literature reviews continue to demonstrate methodological limitations that might lead to an inaccurate summary of the evidence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Current Practice in Reviews of the Built Environment and Physical Activity

et al. 2014

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Over the last decade, there has been a marked increase in studies about built environments and physical activity. As the number of publications is growing rapidly, literature reviews play an important role in identifying primary studies and in synthesizing their findings. However, many of the reviews of effectiveness in this field demonstrate methodological limitations that might lead to inaccurate portrayals of the evidence. Some literature reviews a priori excluded intervention studies even though they provide the strongest level of evidence. The label 'systematic review' has mostly been used inappropriately. One of the major criteria of a systematic review that is hardly ever met is that the quality of the primary studies needs to be assessed and this should be reflected in the synthesis, presentation and interpretation of results. With few exceptions, 'systematic' reviews about environments and physical activity did not refer to or follow the QUO-RUM or PRISMA statements. This commentary points out the usefulness of the PRISMA statement to standardize the reporting of methodology of reviews and provides additional guidance to limit sources of bias in them. The findings and recommendations from this article can help in moving forward the synthesis of evidence of effectiveness not only in built environments and physical activity, but also more broadly in exercise science and public health. Key PointsMany reviews about built environments and physical activity have methodological limitations.The label 'systematic review' has mostly been used inappropriately.The PRISMA statement is useful to standardize the reporting of methodology and limit bias in systematic reviews of effectiveness.

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Cycling for transport and public health: a systematic review of the effect of the environment on cycling

Cited by 317 publications

References 46 publications

The link between socioeconomic position, access to cycling infrastructure and cycling participation rates: An ecological study in Melbourne, Australia

The link between socioeconomic position, access to cycling infrastructure and cycling participation rates: An ecological study in Melbourne, Australia

Characteristics of the environmental microscale and walking and bicycling for transportation among adults in Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil

Improving Current Practice in Reviews of the Built Environment and Physical Activity

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