Cyclo‐Bis(Acyl)phosphine Oxides as Efficient Photoinitiators for Radical Polymerization

Abstract

Acyclic acylphosphine oxides have been extensively utilized in industrial applications as typical photoinitiators (PIs). In this study, we demonstrate the efficiency of their cyclic analogues, cyclo‐bis(acyl)phosphine oxides (CBAPOs), as efficient PIs. We present the isolation and X‐ray crystallographic characterization of CBAPOs. These compounds exhibit a long maximum absorption wavelength ranging between 415 and 420 nm, extending well into the near 500 nm region. Radical trapping experiments suggest that CBAPOs undergo homolytic P–C(O) bond α‐cleavage. Steady‐state photolysis conducted with LED light at 390 nm, monitored by UV‐Vis spectroscopy, confirms the gradual decay of CBAPOs over time. Additionally, all CBAPOs are capable of initiating radical polymerization under irradiation at 365 nm. Notably, one of the CBAPOs (4a) demonstrates comparable photoinitiating efficiency to one of commercially available bis(acyl)phosphine oxides (Irgacure 819).