The cycloacylation reactions of thioamides and their derivatives containing an activated multiple bond are analyzed and summarized.The cycloacylation of thioamides and their derivatives containing an activated multiple bond is an accessible and convenient method for the synthesis of five-and six-membered sulfur-and nitrogen-containing heterocycles -primarily 4H-1,3-thiazin-4-ones [1] and thiazolidin-4-ones [2], and also 2-thioxopiperidines [3], thiopyran-4-ones [4], and pyrimidin-4-ones [5]. Heterocyclic compounds of these types exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activity and have extensive practical applications [1,2,6].This group of reactions is also of interest from the theoretical standpoint since they make it possible to study, analyze, and predict the relationships between the reactivity of substrates containing the ambident NH─C═S group and their structure, reaction conditions, and the nature of substituents at the heteroatoms. Therefore, in spite of the fact that the first papers on this subject were published 50 of more years ago [7,8] synthetic investigations in the field are continuing to this day [9][10][11][12].Nevertheless, no reviews have been published on this subject. It should be mentioned that certain methods for the cycloacylation of thioamides by derivatives of unsaturated carboxylic acids were analyzed in reviews on the synthesis of 1,3-thiazines [1] and thiazolidin-4-ones [2, 13], reactions of N-aminoazolinethiones and N-aminoazinethiones [14], thioamides [15][16][17], and carbon suboxide [18]. However, the information on this subject in these publications has not been coordinated and is not exhaustive.New publications on the cycloacylation of thioamides, in which the range of both reagents and substrates has been extended, have appeared recently. Modern physical methods of establishing the structure of the synthesized products were used, and this made it possible to prove their structure unequivocally.For this reason we attempted to fill the gap and to analyze the information concerning the cycloacylation of acyclic and cyclic thioamides by compounds containing an activated multiple bond. This reviews covers papers not examined in [1,2,[13][14][15][16][17][18] and also papers that have appeared more recently.