Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges as drug carriers

Abstract

SummaryCyclodextrin-based nanosponges, which are proposed as a new nanosized delivery system, are innovative cross-linked cyclodextrin polymers nanostructured within a three-dimensional network. This type of cyclodextrin polymer can form porous insoluble nanoparticles with a crystalline or amorphous structure and spherical shape or swelling properties. The polarity and dimension of the polymer mesh can be easily tuned by varying the type of cross-linker and degree of cross-linking. Nanosponge functionalisation for site-specific targeting can be achieved by conjugating various ligands on their surface. They are a safe and biodegradable material with negligible toxicity on cell cultures and are well-tolerated after injection in mice. Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges can form complexes with different types of lipophilic or hydrophilic molecules. The release of the entrapped molecules can be varied by modifying the structure to achieve prolonged release kinetics or a faster release. The nanosponges could be used to improve the aqueous solubility of poorly water-soluble molecules, protect degradable substances, obtain sustained delivery systems or design innovative drug carriers for nanomedicine.

Molecularly imprinted cyclodextrin nanosponges for the controlled delivery of L-DOPA: perspectives for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease

“…The final properties of a CD-NS are strongly influenced by the nature of the cross-linker, the degree of cross-linking and the conditions of the synthesis reaction [21]. Several studies on the formulation and use of CD-NSs as nanocarriers have been conducted, showing that CD-NSs are a suitable delivery system for drugs, macromolecules and gases [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

Toward an understanding of the thermosensitive behaviour of pH-responsive hydrogels based on cyclodextrins

“…20 Recently, a novel promising class of cross-linked polymers namely cyclodextrin nanosponges (NS) have been proposed by different authors as efficient platforms for sorption and delivery of both organic and inorganic species. [21][22][23] These polymeric materials are synthesized by the condensation reaction of the OH groups of the glucose units of cyclodextrins (CD) with suitable polyfunctional cross-linking agents (CL). The growth of the polycondensation products leads to a three-dimensional covalent network characterized by the presence of two types of cavities, namely the hydrophobic cavity of the CD units and the more hydrophilic pores of the cross-linked polymer.…”

Novel GO-COO-β-CD/CA inclusion: its blood compatibility, antibacterial property and drug delivery

“…Experimental results are also listed in Table 5. Toxicity grade is classified according to USP (Trotta et al, 2012).…”

“…Furthermore, they can improve the stability and bioavailability while inhibiting the stimulation and side effects of the drugs (Trotta et al, 2012;Yhaya et al, 2012;Baek et al, 2013). These advantages render cyclodextrin family among good candidates in medicines and biomedical applications (Chaturvedi et al, 2011;MoyaOrtega et al, 2012;Yannakopoulou 2012).…”