Cyclodextrin-mediated efflux of cellular cholesterol

Cyclodextrin-Mediated Drug Release from Liposomes Dispersed Within a Bioadhesive Gel

“…Cyclodextrins, particularly methylated "-cyclodextrins (Me"CD), can enhance the mucosal absorption of peptides (14Y20). Cyclodextrins are supposed to act as a penetration enhancer, transiently changing the mucosal permeability by removing membrane components, such as cholesterol (21), proteins (22) and phospholipids (23). Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides of six, seven or eight Dglucopyranose units, named !-, "-, and +-cyclodextrin, respectively.…”

Distribution of exogenous 25‐hydroxycholesterol in Hep G2 cells between two different pools

“…The rate of 25HC exchange between cultured cells and medium is known to be dependent on the medium composition and cellular metabolism peculiarities [19, 27]. Since all experiments in the present study were carried out in the presence of 10% LPDS, the binding of radiolabeled 25HC to Hep G2 cells was studied at constant concentrations (1 μM or 10 μM) of non‐labeled 25HC in the medium.…”

“…About 20 years ago Kandutch and coworkers put forward a hypothesis that cholesterol biosynthesis in cells is normally regulated by endogenously synthesized oxysterols [50]. Intracellular concentration of oxysterols is reduced by incubation of cells in media containing suitable acceptors for oxysterols [19, 27]. The decrease in the intracellular oxysterol content caused by incubation of cells in LPDS activates HMG CoA reductase and LDL receptor with a simultaneous elevation of the corresponding mRNAs [3, 8–11].…”

“…Substantial proportion of exogenous 25HC in cultured cells was found in membranes, oxysterol being able to dissociate into media containing suitable acceptors [19, 27]. The unidirectional flux of 25HC from plasma membrane to the membrane of endoplasmic reticulum in FuA5 rat hepatoma cells was found to be 2000 faster than the flux of cholesterol under the same conditions [28].…”

Evaluation of Buccal Methyl-β-Cyclodextrin Toxicity on Human Oral Epithelial Cell Culture Model

“…Cell viability is evaluated by the MTT assay, which measures the impairment of mitochondrial energy metabolism, to assess RAMEB cytotoxicity after single and repeated exposures. Since methylated β‐cyclodextrins interact strongly with lipids,10,24,25 cell membrane damages are evaluated by quantification of LDH release. Pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin‐1α are involved in the initiation of the inflammatory process.…”