Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

Abstract

Cyclodextrins have been widely employed for drug delivery systems (DDSs) in which drugs are selectively delivered to a target site in the body. Recent interest has been focused on the construction of cyclodextrin-based nanoarchitectures that show sophisticated DDS functions. These nanoarchitectures are precisely fabricated based on three important features of cyclodextrins, namely (1) the preorganized three-dimensional molecular structure of nanometer size, (2) the easy chemical modification to introduce functional groups, and (3) the formation of dynamic inclusion complexes with various guests in water. With the use of photoirradiation, drugs are released from cyclodextrin-based nanoarchitectures at designated timing. Alternatively, therapeutic nucleic acids are stably protected in the nanoarchitectures and delivered to the target site. The efficient delivery of the CRISPR-Cas9 system for gene editing was also successful. Even more complicated nanoarchitectures can be designed for sophisticated DDSs. Cyclodextrin-based nanoarchitectures are highly promising for future applications in medicine, pharmaceutics, and other relevant fields.

Nanoarchitectures to Deliver Nucleic Acid Drugs to Disease Sites

“…[103] Seven antisense DNA strands were connected to β-cyclodextrin (a cyclic oligosaccharide composed of seven D-glucose units), which is very conveniently employed for pharmaceutical applications because of many favorable features. [104][105][106][107] In order to bind siRNA to these antisense DNA strands, each strand of the siRNA is extended to the 3'-direction. Accordingly, the siRNA is captured by these two β-cyclodextrins through DNA/RNA hybridization, and coassembled to nanoparticles.…”

“…A nanoparticle was constructed to deliver both antisense DNA and siRNA simultaneously [103] . Seven antisense DNA strands were connected to β‐cyclodextrin (a cyclic oligosaccharide composed of seven D‐glucose units), which is very conveniently employed for pharmaceutical applications because of many favorable features [104–107] . In order to bind siRNA to these antisense DNA strands, each strand of the siRNA is extended to the 3’‐direction.…”

Peptide-Modified Cyclodextrin-Based Nanosystem for Co-Delivery of Celastrol and siPD-L1 to Tumors

“…24,25 Furthermore, natural compounds have been explored as delivery systems for plasmid DNA and siRNA, making them attractive candidates for siRNA delivery. 26,27 Carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CMβCD), as a derivative of cyclodextrin, also has the properties of cyclodextrin. 28 At the same time, a large number of studies have shown that the incorporation of CMβCD into nanoparticles for drug delivery of various bioactive compounds can enhance solubility and stability, control drug release, improve bioavailability, increase drug loading capacity, and reduce toxicity.…”

“…Cyclodextrins (CDs) are biocompatible cyclic oligosaccharides with a hydrophilic periphery and a well-defined hydrophobic cavity capable of binding various organic molecules, including biologically relevant compounds. − Compared to calixarenes, which are poorly water-soluble, conformationally unstable, and also have a cavity structure, supramolecular nanocapsules based on cyclodextrins (CDs) have an important potential in cancer therapy due to their good biocompatibility, low toxicity to healthy cells, and reliable delivery and release of therapeutic agents to specific targets. , Furthermore, natural compounds have been explored as delivery systems for plasmid DNA and siRNA, making them attractive candidates for siRNA delivery. , Carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CMβCD), as a derivative of cyclodextrin, also has the properties of cyclodextrin . At the same time, a large number of studies have shown that the incorporation of CMβCD into nanoparticles for drug delivery of various bioactive compounds can enhance solubility and stability, control drug release, improve bioavailability, increase drug loading capacity, and reduce toxicity .…”

Cyclodextrin-Coordinated Liposome-in-Gel for Transcutaneous Quercetin Delivery for Psoriasis Treatment

“…Cyclodextrin (CD), a cyclic oligosaccharide containing a hydrophobic cavity, is widely used as a solubilizing excipient via host−guest interaction with drug molecules. 18 β-CD and its derivative hydroxypropyl-β-CD (HPCD) have been approved as pharmaceutical excipients for human use. Compared with β-CD, HPCD has the advantage of higher aqueous solubility and lower toxicity.…”