Cyclohexane, a Potential Drug of Abuse with Pernicious Effects on the Brain

Abstract

Cyclohexane is a volatile solvent used as a harmless substitute for dangerous organic solvents in several products, such as paint thinners, gasoline and adhesives. Many of these products are used as drugs of abuse and can severely damage neural tissue and impair neurological functions. However, there is very little information on the effects of cyclohexane on the brain. In humans, cyclohexane produces headaches, sleepiness, dizziness, limb weakness, motor changes, and verbal memory impairment. Recent studies in mice have demonstrated behavioral alterations, reactive gliosis, microglial reactivity, and oxidative stress in the brains of cyclohexane-exposed animals. This indicates that cyclohexane may represent a potential problem for public health. Therefore, studies are needed to clarify the neurobiological effects of this volatile compound, including the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neurotoxicity, and to minimize the human health risk posed by the intentional or accidental inhalation of this potential drug of abuse.

Role of Iron Metabolism-Related Genes in Prenatal Development: Insights from Mouse Transgenic Models

“…Murine invasive trophoblast is critically involved in placentation. It is not surprising therefore, that the deletion of the Hmox1 gene leads to the abnormal placentation, inadequate remodelling of spiral arteries, intrauterine growth restriction, and eventually, to fetal lethality (reviewed in [ 87 ]). However, all these pathological consequences of HO1 deficiency seem unrelated to the misregulation of either cellular or systemic iron metabolism.…”

“…During pregnancy, the high expression of CD91 in the placenta [ 88 ] may contribute substantially to the clearance of the heme-hemopexin complex from the circulation. The expression of HO1 in the placenta is well documented [ 87 ] and it is therefore likely that iron derived from the uptake of hemopexin-heme by CD91 is delivered to the fetus after heme degradation. However, the physiological relevance of this pathway is unclear and requires further study.…”

Effect of Ligand Aromaticity on Cyclohexane and Benzene Sorption in IRMOFs: A Computational Study

“…13 Despite its lower detrimental effects on human health, cyclohexane is known to have pernicious effects on the brain including headaches, sleepiness, dizziness, verbal memory impairment, and oxidative stress. 14 To protect individuals, an appropriate solution relies on a combination of air purification/monitoring using effective adsorbents for the exclusive capture and detection of benzene and/or cyclohexane. The traditional materials available such as activated carbons, 15 or zeolites, 16 generally suffer from a lack of selectivity in the presence of humidity.…”

CYT387, a JAK-Specific Inhibitor Impedes Osteoclast Activity and Oophorectomy-Induced Osteoporosis via Modulating RANKL and ROS Signaling Pathways

“…Reactive oxygen species (ROS), known as the derivatives of mitochondrial respiratory chains, are known to be involved in apoptosis, inflammatory responses, and cancer ( Wan et al, 2020 ). They stimulate lipid peroxidation and mediates mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme dysfunction ( Campos-Ordonez and Gonzalez-Perez, 2015 ). Excessive ROS accumulation leads to decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes, and bone destruction.…”