Cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes as mitochondria-targeted anticancer and antibacterial agents to induce both autophagy and apoptosis

A new class of nickel(ii) oxyquinoline–bipyridine complexes as potent anticancer agents induces apoptosis and autophagy in A549/DDP tumor cells through mitophagy pathways

“…The result suggested that the mitophagic machinery induced by Ni2 was initiated to eliminate the ROS-damaged mitochondria. 25–27 Furthermore, in A549/DDP cancer cells treated with 0.25 μM Ni2 , Ni10 , Ni13 , and Ni14 , the decrease in Δ Ψ m and increase in the [Ca 2+ ] content, determined by JC-1 and Fluo-3 AM of mitochondrial dysfunction, further confirmed the lesion of mitochondria by the ROS. The Δ Ψ m signal and [Ca 2+ ] content decreased by 29.66% and increased by 44.00%, respectively, as a consequence of the Ni2 (0.25 μM) treatment for 24 h (Fig.…”

“…As shown in Fig. 4, the conversion of LC3-I to its lipidation form LC3-II, a specific marker of autophagy, 23–27 was detected in A549/DDP cells treated with 0.25 μM Ni2 , Ni10 , Ni13 , and Ni14 . With 24 h of treatment, Ni2 (0.25 μM) induced the highest conversion rates of LC3-I to LC3-II (Fig.…”

“…Mitophagy occurs for various reasons, such as the mitochondria failing to retain their repairable potential through a decreased Δ Ψ m value, the expression of related proteins being regulated, and ROS and [Ca 2+ ] contents increasing. 25–27 Thus, the cellular level of the ROS content in A549/DDP tumor cells was examined with a DCFH-DA (Ex = 488 nm, Em = 530 nm) probe. After treatment of the A549/DDP cancer cells with Ni2 (0.25 μM), the percentage of the A549/DDP cells in the ROS content was 41.20% (Fig.…”

Inert cationic iridium(iii) complexes with phenanthroline-based ligands: application in antimicrobial inactivation of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains

“…47 In the past few years, ROS generation has been reported as a mechanism of action of some antibacterial Ir(III) complexes. 16,48,49 In order to shed some light on the mechanism of action of these complexes towards Gram positive strains, we evaluated their activity in the presence of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), a ROS inhibitor. As observed in Table 5, NAC treatment slightly increased MIC values of Ir2 and Ir4, whereas the rise was moderate for Ir1 and Ir5 and almost no effect of NAC treatment was detected for Ir3.…”

Preparation, Antimicrobial Properties under Different Light Sources, Mechanisms and Applications of TiO2: A Review

“…After entering the cells, ROS can continue to attack the cells and eventually cause cell death ( Figure 11 B). The silver ions loaded on the photocatalyst can attack the mitochondrial membrane and cause mitochondrial damage, which can produce more ROS killing cells after damage [ 114 , 115 ].…”