Cycloalkenones were found to react with a-lithiated diethyl (phenylselanyl)methylphosphonate preferentially or exclusively at the carbonyl group giving 1,2-adducts. When complexes of cycloalkenones with aluminum tris(2,6-diphenylphenoxide) were used for this reaction, regioselective 1,4-addition was observed. Upon oxidation the thus-formed 1,4-adducts gave the corresponding 3-(phosphorylmethyl)cycloalk-2-enones. An alternative approach to the latter compounds involved 1,4-addition of diethyl lithiomethylphosphonate to 2-sulfinylcycloalk-2-enones followed by sulfoxide elimination.Cycloalkenones are valuable intermediates in a variety of synthetic transformations and useful building blocks in the synthesis of biologically active compounds. Among them, cyclopentenones are particularly interesting due to the presence of this structural motif in a wide range of important natural products, such as jasmonoids, cyclopentanoid antibiotics, and prostanoids. As part of our broad program on the application of phosphorus and sulfur reagents in organic synthesis, 1 we have also been engaged in the invention and development of general methods for the synthesis of functionalized cyclopentenones and cyclopentanones. 2 These endeavors resulted in the elaboration of new and efficient routes to racemic rosaprostol 3 and enantiomeric prostaglandin B 1 methyl esters 4 starting from 3-[(dimethoxyphosphoryl)methyl]cyclopent-2-enone (1a¢) as a key intermediate and to both enantiomers of isoterrein 5 and neplanocin A 6 from the diastereomeric camphor protected 3-[(dimethoxyphosphoryl)methyl]-4,5-dihydroxycyclopent-2-enones 2a and 2b.The starting cyclopentenones 1 and 2 (Figure 1) have been obtained by general methods for the synthesis of 3-(phosphorylmethyl)cycloalk-2-enones developed in our laboratory involving the reaction of dicarboxylic acid esters with a-phosphonate carbanions and subsequent intramolecular Horner reaction of bis(b-oxophosphonates), which were formed in the initial step. 7 This method complemented two other approaches to 3-(phosphorylmethyl)cycloalk-2-enones. The first employed oxidation of cyclic allylic alcohols obtained in the carbonyl addition of a-phosphonate anions to cycloalkenones, 8 while the second was based on substitution of the b-methoxy group in cyclic enones by a-lithiated alkylphosphonates. 9