Cyclopia with proboscis: A rare congenital anomaly

Abstract

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A male fetus with cyclopia was discovered after miscarriage: A rare case report from Syria

“…Nevertheless, according to recent studies, there is a balanced sex ratio among fetuses identified prenatally during the gestational period ranging from 16 to 36 weeks suggesting that there is no significant disparity in the rate of fetal loss between males and females at this advanced stage of pregnancy 12 . The etiology of this condition is still unknown exactly 1,2,7,9 . Multiple heterogeneous risk factors are related.…”

“…In cases of lobar HPE, children can survive for several years with neurological and mental challenges. Both alobar and semi‐lobar HPE have been associated with the worst prognosis 2 and are not compatible with life 2,4,7 . Generally, the result will either be a miscarriage or a stillborn, and even if babies are born alive, they only survive a few hours after birth 2,3,6,7 .…”

“…The incidence is 1.05 per 100,000 births, including stillbirth 1 with a tendency to occur in females 8 . Clinically, there are typical craniofacial features, including a single or imperfectly cleft eye in one orbit, nasal agenesis or proboscis, which is a nonfunctional nose located above the central orbit and that is known as Rhinocephaly 1–3,6,9,10 . Furthermore, extra‐cranial characteristics are also presented along with Cyclopia such as polydactyly, renal dysplasia, Omphalacele 1,2,6 and cardiac defects such as ventricle septum defect (VSD) 10 .…”

“…Cyclopia (synophthalmia) is an uncommon fatal congenital abnormality 1–3 . It is the most severe case of holoprosencephaly (HPE) 1,3–7 .…”

Cyclopia baby: Congenital lethal malformation: Rare case report

“…Cyclopia can be diagnosed using ultrasonography while the fetus is growing inside the uterus. [8] . This congenital disorder occurs between the third and fourth weeks of pregnancy, and conducting medical ultrasound after this time can usually show obvious signs of cyclopia or other forms of holoprosencephaly.…”