Cyclostationary and energy detection spectrum sensing beyond 5G waveforms

Abstract

<abstract> <p>The cyclostationary spectrum (CS) method is one of the best at what it does because it effectively detects idle spectrum with low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). In order to distinguish the signal in a noisy environment, gather more data that aids in a better analysis of signals, and use spectral correlation for dependable framework modelling, CS achieves optimal performance characteristics. High intricacy is seen as one of the CS's shortcomings. In this article, we suggest a novel CS algorithm for 5G waveforms. By restricting the computation of cyclostationary characteristics and the signal autocorrelation, the complexity of CS is reduced. To evaluate the performance of 5G waveforms, the Energy Detection (ED) and CS spectrum sensing algorithms based on cognitive radio (CR) are presented. The results of the study show that the suggested CS algorithm did a good job of detection and gained 2 dB compared to the conventional standards.</p> </abstract>

Ad hoc wireless network implementing BEE-LEACH

“…To obtain an accurate depiction of the total energy consumed per message transmission, for a predetermined message size, 𝑘, and a predetermined distance d, the values for ( 2) and ( 3) should be combined. Equation (4) shows the accurate value of energy consumed transmitting and receiving this message [19].…”