Cyfra 21–1 in Lung Cancer: Comparison with Cea, Ca 125, Scc and Nse Serum Levels

Molina, Rafael; Agustı́, Carles; Mañe, J M; Filella, Xavier; Jo, Judith; Joseph, Josmi; Giménez, Núria; Vila, Jordi; Ballesta, Antonio M.

doi:10.1177/172460089400900206

Cited by 48 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Additionally, in agreement with a previous study, elevated CYFRA 21-1 level was associated with a poor outcome in SCLC patients [24]. Generally, it has been shown that elevated CYFRA 21-1 levels are related to non-SCLC, especially squamous cell carcinoma, and that it correlates with tumor extent [39,40]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Prognostic Factors in Small Cell Lung Cancer: A New Prognostic Index in Korean Patients

Hong

Cho²,

Choi³

et al. 2010

Oncology

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Objective: The aims of this study were to identify prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and to construct a prognostic index on the basis of their expected OS. Long-term survivors were also given special attention. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 295 patients diagnosed with SCLC from January 2002 to September 2007 at the Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Patient history was reviewed regarding both clinical and tumor-related markers, and treatment-related factors were also evaluated. Results: There were 131 (44.4%) patients with limited disease (LD) and 164 (55.6%) with extensive disease (ED). Median follow-up lasted 9.4 months. Objective response to chemotherapy was 66.8%. The median survival time (MST) was 11.2 months in all patients, 20.4 months in LD patients, and 7.7 months in ED patients. The median progression-free survival was 9.4 months. Independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) were extent of disease, performance status, and CYFRA 21-1 level. We classified all patients into four groups based on the results of multivariate analysis using classification and regression tree analysis. Median survival times were 22.7, 13.7, 8.5, and 3.2 months, respectively. A total of 51 (17.3%) patients from the entire study population were evaluated for long-term survival, which was defined as survival >2 years. Their MST was 43.1 months, and extent of disease, performance status, and CYFRA 21-1 were independent prognostic factors for long-term survival. Conclusions: We confirmed the well-known prognosticators, disease extent and performance status, in our patients, but further identified CYFRA 21-1 as independent prognostic factor. A prognostic index was constructed to create four classifications of SCLC considering these variables.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Prognostic Factors in Small Cell Lung Cancer: A New Prognostic Index in Korean Patients

Hong

Cho²,

Choi³

et al. 2010

Oncology

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“…For this reason, when studying new tumor markers, it is very important to evaluate the specificity, in other words, to know the source of false-positive results [17][18][19]28]. Knowledge of false positives will enable their avoidance and better application may be obtained [21,[29][30][31]. S-100 specificity in benign and malignant conditions other than malignant melanoma has only rarely been studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

S-100 Protein Serum Levels in Patients with Benign and Malignant Diseases: False-Positive Results Related to Liver and Renal Function

et al. 2002

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S-100 serum concentrations were analyzed in 39 healthy people, 130 patients with benign diseases and 304 patients with malignancies, including 49 patients with locoregional diseases and 255 with advanced diseases. S-100 was determined by a commercial immunoluminometric assay, and 0.20 ng/ml was considered to be the upper limit of normality. In none of the healthy people was S-100 higher than 0.2 ng/ml. Slightly high S-100 concentrations were found in 33 out of 130 patients (25%) with benign diseases (mean 0.21 ± 0.45 ng/ml). Significantly higher S-100 serum levels were found in patients with liver cirrhosis (63%, 10/16) (p = 0.024) or renal failure (45%, 8/18) (p = 0.03) than in patients with other benign diseases or in healthy people. Abnormal S-100 serum levels were found in 68 of the patients (22.5%) with malignancy (mean 1.01 ± 5.9 ng/ml). The highest S-100 concentrations were found in patients with malignant melanomas (p = 0.001). Excluding melanoma patients, the S-100 serum levels in patients with malignancies were not related to tumor origin or stage but were clearly related to the site of metastasis, with patients with liver metastases showing higher values than patients with metastases without liver involvement (p = 0.02). No statistical differences were found among patients with liver cirrhosis, primary liver cancer or liver metastases. In conclusion, S-100 is a useful marker for melanoma, but abnormal levels of this tumor marker may be found in benign and malignant diseases associated with liver or renal injury.

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“…The carci- noembryonic antigen (CEA) has been the most extensively studied in this context [2,3], but there are also other tumor markers related to histological type, such as neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) [4] and CA 125, CYFRA 21-1 and SCC in NSCLC [2,[5][6][7][8][9]. Tumor markers are scarcely used for the diagnosis of lung cancer due to their lack of sensitivity and specificity; however, their utility in disease monitoring is well established [5,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor Markers (CEA, CA 125, CYFRA 21-1, SCC and NSE) in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer as an Aid in Histological Diagnosis and Prognosis

Molina¹,

Filella²,

Augé³

et al. 2003

Tumor Biol

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241

208

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CEA, CA 125, SCC, CYFRA 21-1 and NSE were prospectively studied in 211 patients with non-small cell lung cancer and compared with clinical parameters (age, sex, Karnofsky Index, symptoms and smoking status), histopathological parameters (stage, histology, tumor size and nodal involvement), biological parameters (LDH and albumin) and the therapy used (surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy). Tumor marker sensitivity was CYFRA 21-1: 76%, CA 125: 55%, CEA: 52%, SCC: 33% and NSE: 22%. One of the tumor markers was abnormally high in 87% of the patients with locoregional disease and in 100% of the patients with metastases. Except for NSE, all tumor markers showed a clear relationship with tumor stage and histology and therefore enabled a better histological diagnosis. Abnormal CEA serum levels were mainly found in adenocarcinomas, CA 125 in large-cell lung cancers (LCLC) and adenocarcinomas and SCC in squamous tumors. Eighty-five percent of the patients with SCC levels >2 ng/ml had squamous tumors. Likewise, CA 125 levels <60 U/ml or CEA <10 ng/ml excluded adenocarcinoma or LCLC with a probability of 82 and 91%, respectively.

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Cyfra 21–1 in Lung Cancer: Comparison with Cea, Ca 125, Scc and Nse Serum Levels

Cited by 48 publications

References 24 publications

Prognostic Factors in Small Cell Lung Cancer: A New Prognostic Index in Korean Patients

Prognostic Factors in Small Cell Lung Cancer: A New Prognostic Index in Korean Patients

S-100 Protein Serum Levels in Patients with Benign and Malignant Diseases: False-Positive Results Related to Liver and Renal Function

Tumor Markers (CEA, CA 125, CYFRA 21-1, SCC and NSE) in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer as an Aid in Histological Diagnosis and Prognosis

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