Cynodon dactylon extract ameliorates cognitive functions and cerebellar oxidative stress in whole body irradiated mice

Poojary, Roopesh; Kumar, Nayanatara Arun; Kumarchandra, Reshma; Vinodini, N A; K, Bhagyalakshmi; Sanjeev, Ganesh

doi:10.4103/2221-1691.261763

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Overall, whereas effects of WBRT on neurobiology seem clear and robust, the results from cognitive studies using WBRT in rodents are inconclusive. Some studies failed to detect changes in spatial memory (mainly Morris water maze) upon irradiation 23,24,36,37 , however, others could find changes 25,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44] . Some interesting observations were made with respect to (1) the use of deviating spatial strategies in spatial memory tasks by irradiated animals 45 , (2) enhanced extinction of memory upon irradiation and…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionated brain irradiation profoundly reduces hippocampal immature neuron numbers without affecting spontaneous behavior and cognition in mice

Kuil

Seigers

Loos

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is used to treat patients with primary brain tumors, or brain metastasis from various primary tumors to improve tumor control. However, WBRT can lead to cognitive decline. We treated mice with fractionated WBRT (fWBRT) to establish a model system to study the mechanisms underlying cognitive decline. Besides a series of traditional cognitive tests, we also assessed the effect on spontaneous behavior as measured in automated home cages. Male C57Bl/6j mice (n=11 per group) received bi-lateral fWBRT at a dosage of 4 Gy/day on 5 consecutive days. In line with previous reports, immunohistochemical analysis of doublecortin (DCX) positive cells in the dentate gyrus showed a profound reduction in immature neurons at 4 weeks after fWBRT. Surprisingly, spontaneous behavior as measured in automated home cages was not affected. Moreover, learning and memory measured with traditional tasks - including the novel object recognition task, novel location recognition task, Barnes maze, and fear conditioning - was also not affected at 4-6 weeks after fWBRT. At 10-11 weeks after fWBRT a difference in escape latency during the learning phase, but not in the probe phase of the Barnes maze was observed. In conclusion, although we confirmed the effect of fWBRT on neurogenesis at 4 weeks after fWBRT, we did not find clear effects on spontaneous behavior in the automated home cage nor on learning abilities as measured by traditional cognitive tasks. The relationship between the neurobiological effects of fWBRT and cognition seems more complex than often assumed and the choice of animal model, cognitive tasks, neurobiological parameters, and experimental set-up might be important factors in these types of experiments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionated brain irradiation profoundly reduces hippocampal immature neuron numbers without affecting spontaneous behavior and cognition in mice

Kuil

Seigers

Loos

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…About 100 g of dried plant material was suspended in a thimble in the extractor of Soxhlet apparatus. The round bottom flask consisted of 500 ml of 50% methanol and water which was refluxed for 72 h at 50 °C (Poojary et al 2019). The resulting crude extract was concentrated by a rotary vacuum flash evaporator and stored at 4 °C for further use.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation mitigating activities of Psidium guajava L. against whole-body X-ray-induced damages in albino Wistar rat model

et al. 2020

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In the present study, we investigated radiation mitigating activities of Psidium guajava L. (P. guajava) against whole-body X- ray induced damages in albino Wistar rat model. The animals were orally administered with 200 mg/kg bodyweight of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of P. guajava for five consecutive days and on the fifth day, after the last dose of extract administration, animals were exposed to 4 Gy of X-rays. Rats were sacrificed 24 h post X–ray irradiation. The radiomitigating activity of the herb extract was assessed by micronucleus assay, histopathology of the small intestine and hematological parameters. Hepatic cyclooxygenase–2 (COX-2), interleukin–6 (IL-6) and interleukin –10 (IL-10) levels were assayed to validate the anti-inflammatory property. Biochemical estimations were also performed in RBC lysates to corroborate antioxidant properties in the leaf extract. HPLC analysis of crude extract confirmed the presence of standard flavonoid quercetin. Our results indicated that radiation elevated COX-2, IL-6 and decreased IL-10 levels and also induced micronucleus formation in polychromatic erythrocytes, simultaneously impairing hematological parameters along with erythrocyte antioxidants. The animals pre-treated with P. guajava exhibited a significant decrease in the COX-2 (P ≤ 0.01), IL-6 levels (P ≤ 0.05) and also displayed significant increase in the hepatic IL-10 levels (P ≤ 0.01). Pre-treatment with plant extract improved antioxidant enzyme activities, hematological parameters and reduced the intestinal damage by recovering the architecture of the small intestine. Moreover, extract also rendered protection against radiation induced DNA damage, as evidenced by the significant (P ≤ 0.01) decrease in the percentage of radiation-induced micronucleus in polychromatic erythrocytes. Furthermore, the herb extract treatment increased radiation LD50/30 from 6.6 Gy to 9.0 Gy, offering a dose reduction factor (DRF) of 1.36. Our findings for the first time propose the beneficial use of P. guajava as a radioprotector against X-ray induced damage.

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“…A study with a radiation dosage of 245 mGy showed that selective radiation of the brain causes changes in rats' exploratory behavior and overall activity 26 . Furthermore, Poojary and colleagues 27 reported a tremendous decrease in rotarod performance in Swiss albino mice after 1-time radiation at 5 Gy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Repeated Contrast-Enhanced Micro-CT Examinations Decrease Animal Welfare and Influence Tumor Physiology

et al. 2022

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ObjectivesComputed tomography (CT) imaging is considered relatively safe and is often used in preclinical research to study physiological processes. However, the sum of low-dose radiation, anesthesia, and animal handling might impact animal welfare and physiological parameters. This is particularly relevant for longitudinal studies with repeated CT examinations. Therefore, we investigated the influence of repeated native and contrast-enhanced (CE) CT on animal welfare and tumor physiology in regorafenib-treated and nontreated tumor-bearing mice.Material and MethodsMice bearing 4T1 breast cancer were divided into 5 groups: (1) no imaging, (2) isoflurane anesthesia only, (3) 4 mGy CT, (4) 50 mGy CT, and (5) CE-CT (iomeprol). In addition, half of each group was treated with the multikinase inhibitor regorafenib. Mice were imaged 3 times within 1 week under isoflurane anesthesia. Behavioral alterations were investigated by score sheet evaluation, rotarod test, heart rate measurements, and fecal corticosterone metabolite analysis. Tumor growth was measured daily with a caliper. Tumors were excised at the end of the experiment and histologically examined for blood vessel density, perfusion, and cell proliferation.ResultsAccording to the score sheet, animals showed a higher burden after anesthesia administration and in addition with CT imaging (P < 0.001). Motor coordination was not affected by native CT, but significantly decreased after CE-CT in combination with the tumor therapy (P < 0.001). Whereas tumor growth and blood vessel density were not influenced by anesthesia or imaging, CT-scanned animals had a higher tumor perfusion (P < 0.001) and a lower tumor cell proliferation (P < 0.001) for both radiation doses. The most significant difference was observed between the control and CE-CT groups.ConclusionRepeated (CE-) CT imaging of anesthetized animals can lead to an impairment of animal motor coordination and, thus, welfare. Furthermore, these standard CT protocols seem to be capable of inducing alterations in tumor physiology when applied repetitively. These potential effects of native and CE-CT should be carefully considered in preclinical oncological research.

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Cynodon dactylon extract ameliorates cognitive functions and cerebellar oxidative stress in whole body irradiated mice

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Fractionated brain irradiation profoundly reduces hippocampal immature neuron numbers without affecting spontaneous behavior and cognition in mice

Fractionated brain irradiation profoundly reduces hippocampal immature neuron numbers without affecting spontaneous behavior and cognition in mice

Radiation mitigating activities of Psidium guajava L. against whole-body X-ray-induced damages in albino Wistar rat model

Repeated Contrast-Enhanced Micro-CT Examinations Decrease Animal Welfare and Influence Tumor Physiology

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