Cynomorium songaricum extract enhances novel object recognition, cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mice via improving hippocampal environment

Yoo, Dae Young; Choi, Jung Hoon; Kim, Woosuk; Jung, Hyo Young; Nam, Sung Min; Kim, Jong Whi; Yoon, Yeo Sung; Yoo, Ki‐Yeon; Won, Moo‐Ho; Hwang, In Koo

doi:10.1186/1472-6882-14-5

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Adult neurogenesis can be affected by variables, such as environmental factors, growth factors, neurotransmitters, and external stimuli that alter the affective state of an animal [4–6]. Herbal supplementation can also modulate neurogenesis and thereby affect hippocampal functions, such as memory [7–9]. However, few studies have focused on the oil components of foods consumed in high quantities in oriental countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous studies, we demonstrated that S -allyl-L-cysteine, a water-soluble component of Allium species [21, 22], promotes cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus [7]. In addition, we have shown the neuroprotective effects of Z -ajoene, an oil-soluble component, against ischemic damage in the gerbil hippocampus [9]. On the other hand, the administration of 10 mg/kg DADS affects neurogenesis, by reducing hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, and impairs performance in the passive avoidance test [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Essential oils from two Allium species exert effects on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse dentate gyrus by modulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor and acetylcholinesterase

Jung

Lee

Yoo

et al. 2016

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundIn the present study, we investigated the effects of oil products from two Allium species: Allium sativum (garlic) and Allium hookeri (Chinese chives) on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse dentate gyrus.MethodsUsing corn oil as a vehicle, the essential oil from garlic (10 ml/kg), or Chinese chives (10 ml/kg) was administered orally to 9-week-old mice once a day for 3 weeks. One hour following the last treatment, a novel object recognition test was conducted and the animals were killed 2 h after the test.ResultsIn comparison to the vehicle-treated group, garlic essential oil (GO) treatment resulted in significantly increased exploration time and discrimination index during the novel object recognition test, while Chinese chives essential oil (CO) reduced the exploration time and discrimination index in the same test. In addition, the number of Ki67-immunoreactive proliferating cells and doublecortin-immunoreactive neuroblasts significantly increased in the dentate gyrus of GO-treated animals. However, administration of CO significantly decreased cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation. Administration of GO significantly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the hippocampal homogenates. In contrast, administration of CO decreased BDNF protein levels and had no significant effect on AChE activity, compared to that in the vehicle-treated group.ConclusionsThese results suggest that GO significantly improves novel object recognition as well as increases cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation, by modulating hippocampal BDNF protein levels and AChE activity, while CO impairs novel object recognition and decreases cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation, by reducing BDNF protein levels in the hippocampus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential oils from two Allium species exert effects on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse dentate gyrus by modulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor and acetylcholinesterase

Jung

Lee

Yoo

et al. 2016

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…It is grown up in Gansu Province, China. This plant also possesses significant biological functions [ 6 , 14 , 15 ]. The samples were carefully handled as described with C. coccineum and stored at −20 °C for future use.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticancer Activity of Cynomorium coccineum

Sdiri

et al. 2018

Cancers

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The extensive applications of Cynomorium species and their rich bioactive secondary metabolites have inspired many pharmacological investigations. Previous research has been conducted to examine the biological activities and numerous interesting pharmaceutical activities have been reported. However, the antitumor activities of these species are unclear. To understand the potential anticancer activity, we screened Cynomorium coccineum and Cynomorium songaricum using three different extracts of each species. In this study, the selected extracts were evaluated for their ability to decrease survival rates of five different cancer cell lines. We compared the cytotoxicity of the three different extracts to the anticancer drug vinblastine and one of the most well-known medicinal mushrooms Amaurederma rude. We found that the water and alcohol extracts of C. coccineum at the very low concentrations possessed very high capacity in decreasing the cancer cells viability with a potential inhibition of tumorigenesis. Based on these primitive data, we subsequently tested the ethanol and the water extracts of C. coccineum, respectively in in vitro and in vivo assays. Cell cycle progression and induction of programmed cell death were investigated at both biological and molecular levels to understand the mechanism of the antitumor inhibitory action of the C. coccineum. The in vitro experiments showed that the treated cancer cells formed fewer and smaller colonies than the untreated cells. Cell cycle progression was inhibited, and the ethanol extract of C. coccineum at a low concentration induced accumulation of cells in the G1 phase. We also found that the C. coccineum’s extracts suppressed viability of two murine cancer cell lines. In the in vivo experiments, we injected mice with murine cancer cell line B16, followed by peritoneal injection of the water extract. The treatment prolonged mouse survival significantly. The tumors grew at a slower rate than the control. Down-regulation of c-myc expression appeared to be associated with these effects. Further investigation showed that treatment with C. coccineum induced the overexpression of the tumor suppressor Foxo3 and other molecules involved in inducing autophagy. These results showed that the C. coccineum extract exerts its antiproliferative activity through the induction of cell death pathway. Thus, the Cynomorium plants appear to be a promising source of new antineoplastic compounds.

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“…Hippocampal CA1 region, CA3 region, and dentate gyrus was dissected under stereoscope and tissue samples were immediately immersed in RNAlater solution (Qiagen) and RNA extraction was performed using a total RNA isolation kit (Macherney-Nagel). RT-qPCR was performed as described in the previous studies [12,26] and the primers used were as follows: 5′-GGACATCGAG ACACCAGGAT− 3′ (forward) and 5′-AGGTGCCTGT TGAGCACTCT-3′ (reverse) for FTO (accession number: NM_011936) and 5′-GCACCACACCTTCTA CAATG-3′ (forward) and 5′-TGCTTGCTGATCCACATCTG-3′ (reverse) for β-actin.…”

Section: Rt-qpcr Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of fat-mass and obesity-associated protein expression in the hippocampus in animal models of high-fat diet-induced obesity and D-galactose-induced aging

Kang

Kim

et al. 2020

Lab Anim Res

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Fat-mass and obesity-associated protein (Fto) is highly expressed in the brain including, the hippocampus, and its expression is significantly decreased in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients. In the present study, we measured Fto immunoreactivity and protein levels in the hippocampus of obese and aged mice, which were induced by high-fat diet for 12 weeks and D-galactose treatment for 10 weeks, respectively. The obesity and aging phenotypes were assessed by physiological parameters and Morris water maze test, respectively. High fat diet fed mice showed significant increases in body weight and blood glucose levels compared to that in the control or D-galactose-induced aged mice. In addition, treatment with D-galactose significantly decreased the spatial memory. Fto immunoreactivity in the control group was mainly detected in the pyramidal cells of the CA1 and CA3 regions and in the granule cells of the dentate gyrus. In the hippocampus of high-fat diet-fed mice, Fto immunoreactive structures were similarly found in the hippocampus compared to that in the control group, but Fto immunoreactivity in high-fat diet-fed mice was also found in the stratum oriens and radiatum of the CA1 and CA3 regions and the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus. In the hippocampus of D-galactose-induced aged mice, fewer Fto immunoreactive structures were detected in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus compared to the control group. Fto mRNA and protein levels based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays were slightly increased in the hippocampus of high-fat diet-fed mice compared to that in control mice. In addition, Fto mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased in the aged hippocampus compared to that in the control group. Fto protein levels are susceptible to the aging process, but not in the hippocampus of high-fat diet-induced obesity. The reduction of Fto in aged mice may be associated with reduced memory impairment in mice.

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Cynomorium songaricum extract enhances novel object recognition, cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mice via improving hippocampal environment

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Essential oils from two Allium species exert effects on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse dentate gyrus by modulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor and acetylcholinesterase

Essential oils from two Allium species exert effects on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse dentate gyrus by modulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor and acetylcholinesterase

Anticancer Activity of Cynomorium coccineum

Changes of fat-mass and obesity-associated protein expression in the hippocampus in animal models of high-fat diet-induced obesity and D-galactose-induced aging

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