CYP2A6 polymorphisms are associated with nicotine dependence and influence withdrawal symptoms in smoking cessation

Kubota, Tomoya; Nakajima-Taniguchi, C; Fukuda, Tsuyoshi; Funamoto, Masanobu; Maeda, Makiko; Tange, E; Ueki, Risa; Kawashima, Koichiro; Hara, Hisanori; Fujio, Yasushi; Azuma, Jun-ichi

doi:10.1038/sj.tpj.6500348

Cited by 75 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Finally, a question could arise over the degree to which genetic infl uences, including nicotine metabolism genes such as CYP2A6 ( Audrain-McGovern et al, 2007 ;Kubota et al, 2006 ), protect some individuals from becoming regular smokers. We used our twin data to explore quantitative genetic infl uences on intermittent smoking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and health consequences of intermittent smoking: Long-term follow-up among Finnish adult twins

Korhonen¹,

Broms²,

Levälahti³

et al. 2009

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

other health consequences of intermittent smoking, such as cardiovascular and nonmalignant pulmonary outcomes. IntroductionSmoking behavior research has primarily targeted daily and regular smokers. However, the defi nition of a smoker as someone who smokes daily has been challenged recently, and more varied smoking patterns have been discussed ( National Cancer Institute, 2007 ). No consensus exists regarding whether intermittent smoking represents a transitional stage toward cessation or whether those smokers consistently maintain their low frequency of tobacco use ( Okuyemi et al., 2002 ).In countries with decreasing overall smoking prevalence, the proportion of nondaily smokers has been increasing. For example, according to U.S. statistics, although the overall smoking prevalence decreased from 24% in 1999 to 21% in 2006, the proportions of intermittent smokers among all smokers increased from 18% to 20%, respectively ( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2001 , 2007 ). During the same time in Finland, daily smoking rates decreased from 23% in 1999 to 21% in 2006, whereas the proportion of intermittent smokers in relation to the total population remained constant at 6% ( Helakorpi, Patja, Prättälä, & Uutela, 2007 ;Helakorpi, Uutela, Prättälä, & Puska, 1999 ), indicating a relative increase of intermittent smoking among smokers. In countries where smoking is widely restricted, smokers who cannot quit may modify their smoking patterns. This intermittent smoking phenomenon in countries with a mature tobacco epidemic also challenges the hardening hypothesis of the remaining smoking population ( Hughes & Brandon, 2003 ;Warner & Burns, 2003 ). Thus, it is crucial that we learn more about characteristics of intermittent smoking. AbstractIntroduction: The defi nition of a smoker as someone who smokes daily has been challenged. No consensus exists regarding whether intermittent smoking represents transition toward daily smoking or cessation or whether intermittent smokers consistently maintain their low tobacco use frequency. Although abundant evidence supports the adverse health consequences of daily smoking, less evidence is available on intermittent smoking. Methods:We examined characteristics and health consequences of intermittent cigarette smoking among Finnish adult twins. We used longitudinal data of 21,340 persons with smoking status from questionnaires in 1975 and 1981 and data on lung cancer incidence from 1982 to 2004 from the Finnish Cancer Registry. Results:We identifi ed 641 consistent intermittent smokers comprising 3% of the study population. Consistent intermittent smokers had higher education, less use of other tobacco products, healthier lifestyles, and partly more favorable mental health profi les compared with lifetime regular smokers. However, in terms of other lifestyle factors, intermittent smokers compared mostly unfavorably with never-smokers, despite being better educated. Intermittent smoking showed substantial heritability. There were 213 incident lung cancer cases among all stu...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and health consequences of intermittent smoking: Long-term follow-up among Finnish adult twins

Korhonen¹,

Broms²,

Levälahti³

et al. 2009

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…178,179 A brief summary of how genetic variations in CYP2A6 affect smoking behaviors will be provided here as a detailed review was recently published. 10 Several studies have associated genetic variations leading to reduced or absent CYP2A6 activity with lower risk of smoking, 175,180,181 decreased cigarette consumption in adults and even in adolescents despite their low smoking rates, 175,[180][181][182][183][184][185][186] decreased smoking intensity, 187 shorter smoking duration, 175 decreased withdrawal symptoms during abstinence 188 and increased cessation. 189 Consistent with this, CYP2A6 inhibition in the presence of 4 mg oral nicotine resulted in higher plasma nicotine levels and reduced smoking (as indicated by decreased breath carbon monoxide levels, numbers of puffs, number of cigarettes smoked and increased latency to next cigarette) during ab libitum smoking.…”

Section: Other Likely Candidates Involved In Neurotransmitter Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the pharmacogenomics of cigarette smoking

Tyndale

2007

Pharmacogenomics J

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cigarette smoking increases the risk of numerous health problems, including cancer, cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders, making smoking the leading cause of preventable death in the world. Nicotine is primarily responsible for the highly addictive properties of cigarettes. Although the majority of smokers express a desire to quit, few are successful in doing so. Twin and family studies have indicated substantial genetic contributions to smoking behaviors. One major research focus has been to elucidate the specific genes involved; this has been accomplished primarily through genome-wide linkage analyses and candidate gene association studies. Much attention has focused on genes involved in the neurotransmitter pathways for the brain reward system and genes altering nicotine metabolism. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge for genetic factors implicated in smoking behaviors, and examines how genetic variations may affect therapeutic outcomes for drugs used to assist smoking cessation.

show abstract

“…There are significant differences in CYP2A6 allele frequencies among ethnic groups, with approximately 80% of Japanese but less than 10% of Caucasians, African-Americans, and Native Americans having low-activity enzymes [125]. Genetic variance in the CYP2A6 gene has been associated with the likelihood of smoking, amount of cigarette consumption, nicotine dependence, severity of withdrawal symptoms during a quit attempt, and difficulty in achieving abstinence [124,126,127].…”

Section: Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Smoking Cessation: Significance and Implications for Children

Borchers

Keen

Gershwin

2007

Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A number of people in the USA who are still current smokers remain a staggering figure. Although this number continues to decrease, there is still a considerable amount of second-hand smoke. More importantly and for the purpose of this review, the detrimental effects of passive smoke in children is significant. We will not review the specific health effects of passive smoke, but for pediatricians, in particular, it is important to place in perspective programs that are available to influence the parents of children to stop smoking. Indeed, approximately 25% of all children aged 3-11 live in a household with at least one smoker. Despite the increasing number of communities in the states that have instituted restrictions or complete bans on smoking in the workplace and in many public areas, the principal site of smoking remains the home.

show abstract

CYP2A6 polymorphisms are associated with nicotine dependence and influence withdrawal symptoms in smoking cessation

Cited by 75 publications

References 15 publications

Characteristics and health consequences of intermittent smoking: Long-term follow-up among Finnish adult twins

Characteristics and health consequences of intermittent smoking: Long-term follow-up among Finnish adult twins

Overview of the pharmacogenomics of cigarette smoking

Smoking Cessation: Significance and Implications for Children

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About