“…Wide pharmacogenetic variation across racial and ethnic groups contributes to interindividual differences in drug metabolism, with implications for drug dosing, medication response and toxicity [19]. Particular genetic variants of CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CHRNA5-A3-B4, CHRNB2, CHRNA5, CHRNA4 as well as nico tine metabolic ratio, a genetically informed biomarker, have been found to predict successful smoking cessation and response to pharmacotherapy (e.g., nicotine replacement therapy, varenicline, bupropion) [15][16][17][18]20,21]. AI/AN people have been historically underrepresented in medical research and may be less likely to benefit from current pharmacogenetic research and recommendations [19,[22][23][24].…”