Cystatin A suppresses ultraviolet B-induced apoptosis of keratinocytes

A transcriptome-based model of central memory CD4 T cell death in HIV infection

“…These observations suggest that the cell processes expectable from the HIV T CM signature can be integrated within the cell cycle, and they indicate increased cycling up to S phase, followed by arrest in G2/M. Remarkably, since cycle arrest leads to cell death [55, 56], it was unexpected to find that the expression patterns of CSTA [80], RNASEL [81] NR4A2 [82] and NFKBIA [77] predicted an inhibition of caspase-3 mediated apoptosis (Fig. 4).…”

Enhanced StefinA and Sprr2 expression during papilloma formation in HPV8 transgenic mice

“…Recently, Takahashi et al [22] could also demonstrate an antiapoptotic effect of StefinA in cultured normal human keratinocytes. StefinA expression protects normal human keratinocytes from UVB-induced apoptosis by inhibiting caspases-3.…”

Genome Evolution in the Cold: Antarctic Icefish Muscle Transcriptome Reveals Selective Duplications Increasing Mitochondrial Function

“…Other noteworthy duplicated genes are: 1) bolA homolog 1 ( Escherichia coli ) ( bola1 ), which is well studied in E. coli and is involved in the response and adaptation to various stress conditions, among which are pH variation and oxidative stress (Adnan et al 2011); 2) cystatin A ( csta ), encoding a cysteine proteinase that restrains UVB-induced apoptosis of keratinocytes and confers enhanced resistance to high salt concentrations, drought, oxidative, and cold stresses in plants (Takahashi et al 2007; Zhang et al 2008); 3) nuclear protein 1 ( nupr1 ), encoding a key player in cellular stress response (Goruppi and Iovanna 2010), which is upregulated in the liver of rainbow trout during stress response and recovery (Momoda et al 2007); 4) ring finger protein 7 ( rnf7 ), encoding a redox-inducible and apoptosis-protective antioxidant protein, which also decreases endogenous ROS production and oxidative DNA damage after exposure to heat shock when overexpressed (Lee et al 2008; Sun 2008); 5) defender against cell death 1 ( dad1 ), which codes for a subunit of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex and is upregulated in zebrafish embryonic cell line by XBP-1S, a key transcriptional regulator of the unfolded protein response that allows the recovery of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function (Hu et al 2007); and 6) chaC, cation transport regulator-like 1 ( chac1 ), which encodes a component of the mammalian unfolded protein response pathway (Mungrue et al 2009). Duplicated genes were found for four additional proteins involved in protein folding: Prefoldin subunit 2 (Pfdn2), which is a subunit of the molecular chaperone prefoldin involved in the folding of newly synthesized proteins, mainly actins and tubulins (Pfdn2 subunit is thought to facilitate the formation of the prefoldin complex and also contain a DNA binding motif) (Martin-Benito et al 2002; Miyazawa et al 2011); Thioredoxin domain containing 9 (Txndc9), which, curiously, has an action antagonistic to that of prefoldin and the combined action of the two proteins is thought to be crucial to establishing a functional cytoskeleton (Stirling et al 2006); Ubiquitin fusion degradation 1-like (Ufd1l), which is part of a multiprotein complex involved in the recognition and export of polyubiquitin-tagged misfolded proteins from the ER to the cytoplasm, where they are degraded by the 26S proteasome (Bays and Hampton 2002); Ufd1l subunit is the one that directly interacts and stimulates the activity of ubiquitin ligase gp78, which mediates the degradation of misfolded ER proteins (Cao et al 2007) and is also induced in yeast in response to cold (Schade et al 2004); ubiquitin-like 5 ( ubl5 ), which is upregulated in response to mitochondrial stress, is required for mounting mitochondrial unfolded protein response, leading to the induction and subsequent import into mitochondria of mitochondrial chaperones (Haynes and Ron 2010).…”