Cystatins in Tears of Patients with Different Corneal Conditions

Rahe, B. S. M. Ter; Haeringen, N.J. van

doi:10.1159/000027256

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Cystatin S and SN are extracellular proteins and their role as proteinase inhibitors to prevent uncontrolled proteolysis and tissue damages is well established . It is suggested that low levels of cystatin S and SN might increase the level of tear protease and its activity, and their reduction is attributed to keratoconus, blepharitis and in reflex tearing as shown in this study .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Characterization of human reflex tear proteome reveals high expression of lacrimal proline‐rich protein 4 (PRR4)

et al. 2015

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In-depth studies on the proteome of reflex tears are still inadequate. Hence, further studies on this subject will unravel the key proteins which are conjectured to possess vital functions in the protection of the ocular surface. Therefore, this study investigated the differences in the expression levels in proteome of reflex compared to basal tears. Basal (n = 10) and reflex (n = 10) tear samples from healthy subjects were collected employing the capillary method, subsequently pooled and the proteomes were characterized employing 1DE combined with LC-ESI-MS/MS strategy for label-free quantitative (LFQ) analysis. The differentially expressed proteins were validated by 2DE combined with LC-ESI-MS/MS and targeted-MS approach called accurate inclusion mass screening (AIMS) strategies. The analysis of the reflex tear proteome demonstrated increased abundance in proline-rich protein 4 (PRR4) and zymogen granule protein 16 homolog B (ZG16B) for the first time. Other abundant lacrimal proteins, e.g. lactotransferrin and lysozyme remained constant. Predominantly, the lacrimal gland-specific PRR4 represents the major increased protein in reflex tears in an attempt to wash out irritants that come into contact with the eye. Conversely, decreased abundance in Ig alpha-1 chain C, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, cystatin S/SN, clusterin and mammaglobin were observed. This study had further unraveled the intricate proteome regulation during reflex tearing, especially the potential role of PRR4, which may be the key player in the protection and maintenance of dynamic balance of the ocular surface.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Characterization of human reflex tear proteome reveals high expression of lacrimal proline‐rich protein 4 (PRR4)

et al. 2015

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“…The three fold reduction of cystatins in the tears of patients with fungal keratitis correlates well with their functional role. Cysteine protease inhibitors are reduced in several pathological conditions [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen Induced Changes in the Protein Profile of Human Tears from Fusarium Keratitis Patients

et al. 2013

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Fusarium is the major causative agent of fungal infections leading to corneal ulcer (keratitis) in Southern India and other tropical countries. Keratitis caused by Fusarium is a difficult disease to treat unless antifungal therapy is initiated during the early stages of infection. In this study tear proteins were prepared from keratitis patients classified based on the duration of infection. Among the patients recruited, early infection (n = 35), intermediate (n = 20), late (n = 11), samples from five patients in each group were pooled for analysis. Control samples were a pool of samples from 20 patients. Proteins were separated on difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) and the differentially expressed proteins were quantified using DeCyder software analysis. The following differentially expressed proteins namely alpha-1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin α2 chain, zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein, apolipoprotein, albumin, haptoglobin precursor - β chain, lactoferrin, lacrimal lipocalin precursor, cystatin SA III precursor, lacritin precursor were identified using mass spectrometry. Variation in the expression level of some of the proteins was confirmed using western blot analysis. This is the first report to show stage specific tear protein profile in fungal keratitis patients. Validation of this data using a much larger sample set could lead to clinical application of these findings.

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“…Cystatins are low-molecularweight proteins that inhibit cysteine proteinases and were first discovered in chicken egg whites, but can be found in various body fluids, including tears [29,30]. A low level of cystatins in tears might harm the balance with cysteine proteases and lead to a higher risk of proteolytic attacks [31]. We have demonstrated that besides decreased levels of lysozyme in the group of soft contact lens wearers (CL_S), protein intensities of protective cystatins are also decreased in the soft contact lens group (CL_S).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of contact lenses on the protein composition in tear film: a ProteinChip study

Kramann

Boehm

Lorenz

et al. 2010

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Cystatins in Tears of Patients with Different Corneal Conditions

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Characterization of human reflex tear proteome reveals high expression of lacrimal proline‐rich protein 4 (PRR4)

Characterization of human reflex tear proteome reveals high expression of lacrimal proline‐rich protein 4 (PRR4)

Pathogen Induced Changes in the Protein Profile of Human Tears from Fusarium Keratitis Patients

Effect of contact lenses on the protein composition in tear film: a ProteinChip study

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