Cysteine and Aspartic Proteases Underlie the Digestion of Egg Yolk Proteins during the Development of Columba livia domestica Embryo

Shbailat, S. J.; Aslan, IO; El-sallaq, MMO

doi:10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1654

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 43 publications

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“…Proteases play a critical role in breaking complex proteins into amino acids present in egg white or yolk. Therefore, genetic selection may have contributed to the increased or advanced expression of these proteins during breeding [20,21]. On the other hand, receptors and ligands were enriched among the downregulated DEGs in broilers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic divergence between broiler and layer chicken lines is regulated at the molecular level during development

Contriciani,

Grade,

Buzzatto-Leite

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Understanding the molecular underpinnings of phenotypic variations is critical for enhancing poultry breeding programs. The Brazilian broiler (TT) and laying hen (CC) lines exhibit striking differences in body weight, growth potential, and muscle mass. Our work aimed to compare the global transcriptome of wing and pectoral tissues during the early development (days 2.5 to 3.5) of these chicken lines, unveiling disparities in gene expression and regulation linked to their postnatal traits. Results: Different and bona-fide transcriptomic profiles were identified for the compared lines. A similar number of up- and down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, considering the broiler line as a reference. Notably, a substantial proportion of these DEGs corresponds to LOCs, suggesting their chicken-specific nature. Upregulated DEGs displayed an enrichment of protease-encoding genes, whereas downregulated DEGs exhibited a prevalence of receptors and ligands. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that upregulated DEGs were mainly associated with hormone response, mitotic cell cycle, and metabolism. In contrast, downregulated DEGs were primarily linked to communication, signal transduction, cell differentiation, and nervous system development. Regulatory networks were constructed for the mitotic cell cycle and cell differentiation biological processes, as their contrasting roles may impact the development of distinct postnatal traits. Within the mitotic cell cycle network, key upregulated DEGs included CCND1 and HSP90, with central regulators being NF-κB subunits (RELA and REL) and NFATC2. The cell differentiation network comprises numerous DEGs encoding transcription factors (e.g., HOX genes), receptors, ligands, and histones, while the main regulatory hubs are CREB, AR and epigenetic modifiers. Clustering analyses highlighted PIK3CD as a central player within the differentiation network. Conclusions: The extensive genetic selection used to develop the Brazilian broiler and layer lines has profoundly altered their developmental transcriptomes. Specifically, in broilers, this alteration has led to increased cell proliferation and a delayed differentiation process, which may promote the subsequent enlargement of pectoral tissues during foetal and postnatal development. Our findings pave the way for future functional assays and improvement of targeted traits of economic interest in poultry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic divergence between broiler and layer chicken lines is regulated at the molecular level during development

Contriciani,

Grade,

Buzzatto-Leite

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Phenotypic divergence between broiler and layer chicken lines is regulated at the molecular level during development

Contriciani,

Grade,

Buzzatto-Leite

et al. 2024

BMC Genomics

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Background Understanding the molecular underpinnings of phenotypic variations is critical for enhancing poultry breeding programs. The Brazilian broiler (TT) and laying hen (CC) lines exhibit striking differences in body weight, growth potential, and muscle mass. Our work aimed to compare the global transcriptome of wing and pectoral tissues during the early development (days 2.5 to 3.5) of these chicken lines, unveiling disparities in gene expression and regulation. Results Different and bona-fide transcriptomic profiles were identified for the compared lines. A similar number of up- and downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, considering the broiler line as a reference. Upregulated DEGs displayed an enrichment of protease-encoding genes, whereas downregulated DEGs exhibited a prevalence of receptors and ligands. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that upregulated DEGs were mainly associated with hormone response, mitotic cell cycle, and different metabolic and biosynthetic processes. In contrast, downregulated DEGs were primarily linked to communication, signal transduction, cell differentiation, and nervous system development. Regulatory networks were constructed for the mitotic cell cycle and cell differentiation biological processes, as their contrasting roles may impact the development of distinct postnatal traits. Within the mitotic cell cycle network, key upregulated DEGs included CCND1 and HSP90, with central regulators being NF-κB subunits (RELA and REL) and NFATC2. The cell differentiation network comprises numerous DEGs encoding transcription factors (e.g., HOX genes), receptors, ligands, and histones, while the main regulatory hubs are CREB, AR and epigenetic modifiers. Clustering analyses highlighted PIK3CD as a central player within the differentiation network. Conclusions Our study revealed distinct developmental transcriptomes between Brazilian broiler and layer lines. The gene expression profile of broiler embryos seems to favour increased cell proliferation and delayed differentiation, which may contribute to the subsequent enlargement of pectoral tissues during foetal and postnatal development. Our findings pave the way for future functional studies and improvement of targeted traits of economic interest in poultry.

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The Expression of Proteases and the Oligopeptide Transporter PepT1 in the Yolk Sac Membrane, Proventriculus, and Small Intestine During the Development of Anas platyrhynchos domestica Embryo

Shbailat,

Aslan

2024

Biology

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The role of the yolk sac membrane (YSM) and digestive tract in the processing of egg yolk proteins during embryogenesis is unexplored in the duck Anas platyrhynchos domestica. Here, we investigated in the duck embryo the function of the YSM, proventriculus, and small intestine in protein digestion and uptake. We tested the expression of aminopeptidase N (APN) and the oligopeptide transporter PepT1 as well as the expression of cathepsin B (CTSB) and cathepsin D (CTSD) lysosomal genes in the YSM during incubation days 12, 14, 16–18, 20, 22, 24, 26, and 28 (the day of hatch). Also, we examined embryonic duck pepsinogen (EDPg) expression in the proventriculus and APN and PepT1 expression in the small intestine. In the YSM, CTSD expression was weak compared to that of CTSB, and the expression of CTSB, APN, and PepT1 reached its maximum on day 24 and decreased afterwards. In the proventriculus, EDPg expression peaked on days 17 to 20 and decreased thereafter. The APN and PepT1 expression levels were highest in the jejunum and ileum and reached their maximum on day 28. Our results suggest that the YSM plays a role in the degradation and uptake of the peptides that are digested by the activated yolk proteases, and it also functions in the lysosomal digestion of yolk lipoproteins. Furthermore, the proventriculus is possibly involved in the digestion of yolk proteins. Finally, the jejunum and ileum appear to be the primary sites for peptide digestion and absorption at the end of the incubation.

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Cysteine and Aspartic Proteases Underlie the Digestion of Egg Yolk Proteins during the Development of Columba livia domestica Embryo

Cited by 3 publications

References 43 publications

Phenotypic divergence between broiler and layer chicken lines is regulated at the molecular level during development

Phenotypic divergence between broiler and layer chicken lines is regulated at the molecular level during development

Phenotypic divergence between broiler and layer chicken lines is regulated at the molecular level during development

The Expression of Proteases and the Oligopeptide Transporter PepT1 in the Yolk Sac Membrane, Proventriculus, and Small Intestine During the Development of Anas platyrhynchos domestica Embryo

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