Cysteine and glycine‐rich protein 2 retards platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB‐evoked phenotypic transition of airway smooth muscle cells by decreasing YAP/TAZ activity

Abstract

Cysteine and glycine‐rich protein 2 (Csrp2) has emerged as a key factor in controlling the phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells. The phenotypic transition of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) is a pivotal step in developing airway remodeling during the onset of asthma. However, whether Csrp2 mediates the phenotypic transition of ASMCs in airway remodeling during asthma onset is undetermined. This work aimed to address the link between Csrp2 and the phenotypic transition of ASMCs evoked by platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB in vitro. The overexpression or silencing of Csrp2 in ASMCs was achieved through adenovirus‐mediated gene transfer. The expression of mRNA was measured by quantitative real‐time‑PCR. Protein levels were determined through Western blot analysis. Cell proliferation was detected by EdU assay and Calcein AM assays. Cell cycle distribution was assessed via fluorescence‐activated cell sorting assay. Cell migration was evaluated using the scratch‐wound assay. The transcriptional activity of Yes‐associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ‐binding motif (TAZ) was measured using the luciferase reporter assay. A decline in Csrp2 level occurred in PDGF‐BB‐stimulated ASMCs. Increasing Csrp2 expression repressed the PDGF‐BB‐evoked proliferation and migration of ASMCs. Moreover, increasing Csrp2 expression impeded the phenotypic change of PDGF‐BB‐stimulated ASMCs from a contractile phenotype into a synthetic/proliferative phenotype. On the contrary, the opposite effects were observed in Csrp2‐silenced ASMCs. The activity of YAP/TAZ was elevated in PDGF‐BB‐stimulated ASMCs, which was weakened by Csrp2 overexpression or enhanced by Csrp2 silencing. The YAP/TAZ activator could reverse Csrp2‐overexpression‐mediated suppression of the PDGF‐BB‐evoked phenotypic switching of ASMCs, while the YAP/TAZ suppressor could dimmish Csrp2‐silencing‐mediated enhancement on PDGF‐BB‐evoked phenotypic switching of ASMCs. In summary, Csrp2 serves as a determinant for the phenotypic switching of ASMCs. Increasing Csrp2 is able to impede PDGF‐BB‐evoked phenotypic change of ASMCs from a synthetic phenotype into a synthetic/proliferative phenotype through the effects on YAP/TAZ. This work implies that Csrp2 may be a key player in airway remodeling during the onset of asthma.