2018
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005840
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Cysteine proteases as digestive enzymes in parasitic helminths

Abstract: We briefly review cysteine proteases (orthologs of mammalian cathepsins B, L, F, and C) that are expressed in flatworm and nematode parasites. Emphasis is placed on enzyme activities that have been functionally characterized, are associated with the parasite gut, and putatively contribute to degrading host proteins to absorbable nutrients [1–4]. Often, gut proteases are expressed as multigene families, as is the case with Fasciola [5] and Haemonchus [6], presumably expanding the range of substrates that can be… Show more

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Cited by 92 publications
(74 citation statements)
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References 151 publications
(183 reference statements)
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“…As for them, the major attention has been paid especially to the NO-related inhibition of schistosomula aerobic metabolism [11,13,15,16]. Other mechanisms, including the effect of NO on cysteine peptidases, have not been evaluated yet even though these enzymes play a crucial role in schistosome biology [77,79]. This might be due to the generally accepted view that the host immunity against schistosomes shifts from initial Th1 (targeting schistosomula aerobic metabolism by NO) to Th2/Treg which are not associated with NO production harmful to adults [80,81].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As for them, the major attention has been paid especially to the NO-related inhibition of schistosomula aerobic metabolism [11,13,15,16]. Other mechanisms, including the effect of NO on cysteine peptidases, have not been evaluated yet even though these enzymes play a crucial role in schistosome biology [77,79]. This might be due to the generally accepted view that the host immunity against schistosomes shifts from initial Th1 (targeting schistosomula aerobic metabolism by NO) to Th2/Treg which are not associated with NO production harmful to adults [80,81].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These data suggest a decrease in the blood ingestion and digestion capacity of the hnf4(RNAi) animals but does not address the mechanism of any digestive defects. Because we measured a decrease in the expression of many proteolytic enzymes in our RNAseq experiment (Supplementary Table 2), we next asked whether there was a loss in the hnf4(RNAi) parasites of those cysteine (cathepsin) proteases that contribute to hemoglobin digestion 31 . Accordingly, we measured the cathepsin activity of lysates from control(RNAi) and hnf4(RNAi) parasites using the fluorogenic peptidyl substrate, z-Phe-Arg-AMC (Z-FR-AMC) 32 .…”
Section: Figmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Limiting parasite access to essential nutrients by blocking protein turnover has become a major focus of anti-parasite drug development (33)(34)(35). In P. falciparum, the hydrolysis of hemoglobin involves the cooperative action of two classes of proteases.…”
Section: Mcdonald Et Almentioning
confidence: 99%