Cysteine proteases from the Asclepiadaceae plants latex exhibited thrombin and plasmin like activities

Shivaprasad, Holenarasipura V.; Riyaz, M.; Kumar, R. Venkatesh; Dharmappa, K.K.; Tarannum, Shaista; Siddesha, Jalahalli M.; Rajesh, R.; Vishwanath, Bannikuppe S.

doi:10.1007/s11239-008-0290-2

Cited by 40 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The proteolytic enzymes (serine, metallo and cystein) degrade fibrinogen similar to thrombin and are considered to be thrombin like enzymes. 30 Artocarpus heterophyllus latex completely degraded α chain, while partially degraded β and γ chains of human fibrinogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Physiologically thrombin specifically degrades Aα and Bβ chains of fibrinogen from N-terminal end and generates fibrinopeptide A and B that facilitates the generation of fibrin. 27,30 The proteolytic enzymes may degrade fibringogen either from N-terminal end or C terminal end. The proteolytic enzymes (serine, metallo and cystein) degrade fibrinogen similar to thrombin and are considered to be thrombin like enzymes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seed extract exhibits fibrino(geno)lytic activity

Gangaraju¹,

Manjappa²,

Subbaiah³

et al. 2015

Phcog J

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Objective: The current study assesses the fibrinogen and fibrin clot hydrolyzing activities of aqueous seed extract of Jackfruit (AqSEJ). Methods: The protein banding pattern of AqSEJ (100 μg) was analyzed on SDS-PAGE. The proteolytic activity of AqSEJ was confirmed by spectrophotometer and zymography experiments. Fibrinogen, fibrin and plasma protein hydrolyzing activities of AqSEJ were analyzed on SDS-PAGE under reduced conditions. Plasminogen activation and indirect hemolytic activities was analyzed using spectrophotometer. The non-toxic property of AqSEJ was tested by edema, hemorrhage in experimental mice. Results: AqSEJ exhibited proteolytic activity and the specific activity was found to be 1.04 units/mg/min. Furthermore, AqSEJ non-specifically hydrolyzed Aα, followed by Bβ and γ chains of human fibrinogen and specifically hydrolyzed α polymer and α chain of partially cross linked human fibrin clot without affecting β chain and γ-γ dimer even up to the tested dose of 30 μg for the incubation period of 8 hours. Importantly, AqSEJ did not hydrolyze other plasma proteins and devoid of plasminogen activation property. The proteolytic activity of AqSEJ was completely neutralized by PMSF and IAA, while EDTA, EGTA, 1,10-Phenanthroline did not, suggesting the presence of serine and cysteine family proteases. Moreover, AqSEJ did not cause edema and hemorrhage in experimental mice up to the tested dose of 200 μg and non-toxic to RBC cells. Conclusion: AqSEJ hydrolyzes fibrinogen and fibrin clot and non-toxic in nature. Hence, this work showcases the potential applications of Jack fruit seed proteases in the treatment of thrombotic disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seed extract exhibits fibrino(geno)lytic activity

Gangaraju¹,

Manjappa²,

Subbaiah³

et al. 2015

Phcog J

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“…and Asclepias curassavica L. belonging to the Asclepiadaceae family. 176,177 Eumiliin, from the latex of Euphorbia milii var. hislopii (Euphorbiaceae), showed fibrinogen hydrolysis in vitro.…”

Section: Direct Thrombolytic Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of recombinant thrombolytics: Current status and future directions

Adivitiya

Khasa

2016

Bioengineered

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Cardiovascular disorders are on the rise worldwide due to alcohol abuse, obesity, hypertension, raised blood lipids, diabetes and age-related risks. The use of classical antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies combined with surgical intervention helped to clear blood clots during the inceptive years. However, the discovery of streptokinase and urokinase ushered the way of using these enzymes as thrombolytic agents to degrade the fibrin network with an issue of systemic hemorrhage. The development of second generation plasminogen activators like anistreplase and tissue plasminogen activator partially controlled this problem. The third generation molecules, majorly t-PA variants, showed desirable properties of improved stability, safety and efficacy with enhanced fibrin specificity. Plasmin variants are produced as direct fibrinolytic agents as a futuristic approach with targeted delivery of these drugs using liposome technlogy. The novel molecules from microbial, plant and animal origin present the future of direct thrombolytics due to their safety and ease of administration.

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“…However, the latter plants contain only cysteine proteases in their latex. [145][146] Ficin, a cysteine protease mix from Ficus carica (Moraceae), has procoagulant activity because of activation factor X. [147] Eumiliin from the latex of Euphorbia milii var.…”

Section: Plant Proteasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[148] All these findings support the traditional use of plant latex for wound healing. [145][146][147] Whether the fibrinolytic properties of all these proteases from plant latices, except those of the Asclepiadaceae, are based on plasminogen activator activity or a plasmin-like activity isn't proved yet.…”

Section: Plant Proteasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serine-proteases as plasminogen activators in terms of fibrinolysis

Flemmig

Melzig

2012

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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Objectives This review should give an overview about the natural human plasminogen activators and their various modified variants as well as similar substances isolated from animals, microorganisms and plants. When a blood clot is formed in a blood vessel, it avoids the oxygen supply of the surrounding tissue. A fast fibrinolytic therapy should redissolve the blood vessel and reduce the degradation of the tissue. All proteases that are part of the human blood coagulation and fibrinolytic system belong to the serine protease family. t-PA (tissue plasminogen activator) and u-PA (urokinase plasminogen activator) are the naturally occurring fibrinolytic agents that are also used in therapy. Key findings Despite many years of research, t-PA is still the gold standard in fibrinolytic therapy. But it has to be given as an infusion, which needs time. Modified fibrinolytic substances are, were, or perhaps will be in the market. They have different advantages over t-PA, but often the disadvantages predominate. Conclusion Many substances have been developed but an optimal fibrinolytic agent combined with a simple administration is not in therapeutic use to date.

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Cysteine proteases from the Asclepiadaceae plants latex exhibited thrombin and plasmin like activities

Cited by 40 publications

References 9 publications

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seed extract exhibits fibrino(geno)lytic activity

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seed extract exhibits fibrino(geno)lytic activity

The evolution of recombinant thrombolytics: Current status and future directions

Serine-proteases as plasminogen activators in terms of fibrinolysis

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