Cystic lesion around the hip joint

Abstract

This article presents a narrative review of cystic lesions around the hip and primarily consists of 5 sections: Radiological examination, prevalence, pathogenesis, symptoms, and treatment. Cystic lesions around the hip are usually asymptomatic but may be observed incidentally on imaging examinations, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Some cysts may enlarge because of various pathological factors, such as trauma, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or total hip arthroplasty (THA), and may become symptomatic because of compression of surrounding structures, including the femoral, obturator, or sciatic nerves, external iliac or common femoral artery, femoral or external iliac vein, sigmoid colon, cecum, small bowel, ureters, and bladder. Treatment for symptomatic cystic lesions around the hip joint includes rest, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration, needle aspiration, and surgical excision. Furthermore, when these cysts are associated with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and THA, primary or revision THA surgery will be necessary concurrent with cyst excision. Knowledge of the characteristic clinical appearance of cystic masses around the hip will be useful for determining specific diagnoses and treatments.

Asymptomatic Posterior Synovial Cyst of the Hip: A Case Report

“…Indeed, Juglard, et al was the first to report in 1991 a case of sciatic nerve compression by a GS. Crawford O, et al has then reported three cases with sciatic nerve compression by a SC in post-operative patients following total hip replacement [1].…”

“…Whereas asymptomatic cysts may be followed-up with no medical or surgical intervention, the treatment of cystic lesions of the hip depends on their size, severity of symptoms, nature of the underlying or associated condition, and the presence or absence of the local compression [1]. In fact, an enlarged or painful SC can be treated medically with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, application of local heat and physical therapy.…”

“…Synovial cysts (SC) and ganglion cysts (GC) are lesions that can arise around various bodily joints [1]. SC are characterized by a synovial lining and are filled with synovial fluid whereas GC are lined with connective tissue, lack a synovial lining and are thought to result from a myxomatous tissue degeneration [1]. However, SC and GS are radiologically indistinguishable and are hence used synonymously [2].…”

“…However, SC and GS are radiologically indistinguishable and are hence used synonymously [2]. Cystic lesions of the hip are relatively rare and tend to be asymptomatic in up to 26% of the cases [1]. However, they may present with a wide range of clinical signs and symptoms that are mostly due to compression of nearby nerves and vessels.…”

From Inguinal Hernias to Spermatic Cord Lipomas: Pearls, Pitfalls, and Mimics of Abdominal and Pelvic Hernias

“…At MR imaging, the mass appeared to be cystic and communicated with the hip joint, most likely representing a ganglion or synovial cyst (Fig 13b-13d). The differentiation of periarticular cystic lesions of the hip from ganglion or synovial cysts is difficult, as they can have a similar appearance (29).…”