Cystoscopic Appearance of Proliferative Urethritis in 2 Dogs Before and After Treatment

Hostutler, Roger A.; Chew, Dennis J.; Eaton, Kathryn A.; DiBartola, Stephen P.

doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2004.tb00144.x

Cited by 20 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…Although aerobic bacterial urine cultures (ABUC) can be positive at the time of diagnosis, it remains unclear if urinary tract infection (UTI) is a cause or consequence of the proliferative uroepithelial tissue. Some dogs have responded to antimicrobial treatment alone, supporting an underlying infectious etiology. Culture of mucosal biopsies could be more informative than urine; 17% of bacterial cultures from bladder mucosa are positive with a concurrent negative urine culture, suggesting that ABUC underestimates bacterial colonization within mucosal tissues .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Affected dogs might exhibit clinical signs including stranguria, hematuria, pollakiuria, and dysuria, or can present with partial or complete urethral obstruction. Originally, the term “granulomatous urethritis” was given to this condition because of the presence of large numbers of macrophages in biopsy specimens; however, granulomatous inflammation is not always present . Previous descriptions of urethral biopsies have included granulomatous, lymphoplasmacytic, neutrophilic, and mixed inflammation with lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Originally, the term “granulomatous urethritis” was given to this condition because of the presence of large numbers of macrophages in biopsy specimens; however, granulomatous inflammation is not always present . Previous descriptions of urethral biopsies have included granulomatous, lymphoplasmacytic, neutrophilic, and mixed inflammation with lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils . Because of the variety of inflammatory cells reported and the abundant luminal tissue ingrowth typically visualized on urethroscopy, the term “proliferative urethritis” is now more commonly used in the veterinary literature to describe this disorder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The etiology of PU has not been elucidated, and a number of treatments have been employed with variable outcomes. These treatments include administration of antimicrobials, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatories, glucocorticoids, and immunosuppressive medications . When the urethritis is severe enough to cause urethral obstruction, surgical interventions involving urethral resection, cystostomy tube placement, and placement of transurethral metallic stents have been utilized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the urethritis is severe enough to cause urethral obstruction, surgical interventions involving urethral resection, cystostomy tube placement, and placement of transurethral metallic stents have been utilized. PU might develop because of recurrent or deep‐seated bacterial cystitis and urethritis, an immune‐mediated process, or a combination of both …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical, histopathologic, cystoscopic, and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of proliferative urethritis in 22 dogs

Borys

Hulsebosch

Mohr

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundProliferative urethritis (PU) is a lower urinary tract disease of dogs characterized by frond‐like lesions in the urethra. The etiology of PU is unknown, although an association with bacterial cystitis is reported.ObjectivesDeep‐seated bacterial cystitis is associated with PU, particularly in dogs with neutrophilic or granulomatous inflammation.AnimalsTwenty‐two client‐owned dogs with PU and 5 control dogs euthanized for non‐urinary disease.MethodsIn retrospective analysis, medical records of dogs with PU from 1986 to 2016 were reviewed. Signalment, clinical signs, cystoscopic findings, antimicrobial use, and results of urine, bladder, or urethral tissue cultures, if available, were recorded. Histopathology was reviewed and classified as lymphocytic‐plasmacytic (LP), neutrophilic, LP‐neutrophilic (LPN), granulomatous, or pleocellular. Eubacterial fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed on 18 tissue samples (13 cases, 5 controls), with subsequent evaluation of bacterial species.ResultsOf the 22 dogs, 9 had LP urethritis, 6 had LPN, 4 had pleocellular, and 3 had neutrophilic urethritis. Of note, 7 of 13 PU samples were FISH+ for adherent or invasive bacteria; 1 of 5 controls were FISH+ for adherent bacteria. Five dogs had negative urine and tissue cultures when FISH was positive. There was no association detected between the type of urethral inflammation and the results of urine and tissue culture or FISH.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe type of inflammation varied widely in these 22 PU cases. Deep‐seated bacterial urethritis could be contributing to the inflammatory process in some dogs, regardless of the inflammation type. Urine and tissue cultures likely underestimate bacterial colonization of the urethra in dogs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%